Chatper 18 : Invasive Procedures

Abstract:

Instantly invasive are procedures that break through natural barriers for moments only, e.g., piercing, injection, and venipuncture. Instantly invasive procedures are widely performed in nosocomial settings. Agents from instantly invasive procedures range broadly and include skin and enteric flora and blood-borne agents. Patients acquire malaria from intravascular devices. Any wound should prompt review of tetanus vaccination and query of rabies exposure. Acute (traumatic) wounds include abrasions, open fractures, gun shot wounds, and burns. Blood is both a fluid organ or tissue and a bioproduct. Partial organs and tissue transplants from human donors include cornea, bone and cartilage, epidermis and fascia, heart valves and vascular grafts, and embryos. Cell transplants include hematopoietic stem cells and sperma. The automate is the dialyzer (blood-washing machine). Dialysis is invasive, as it requires vascular (hemodialysis [HD]) or peritoneal (peritoneal dialysis [PD]) access. Indications are acute, for acute renal failure, or chronic, for end-stage renal disease.