Mycoplasma

Frank M. Aarestrup; Isabelle Kempf

doi:10.1128/9781555817534.ch14

Chapter 14 : Mycoplasma

Authors: Frank M. Aarestrup¹, Isabelle Kempf¹

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Affiliations: 1: Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark; 2: Mycoplasmology Bacteriology Unit, French Agency for Food Safety (AFSSA), BP53, F-22440 Ploufragan, France

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2006

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817534

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817534.ch14

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Abstract:

The main species that cause infections in animals belongs to the genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma. In veterinary medicine the most commonly used antimicrobial agents are fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, and tiamulin. Susceptibility testing for Mycoplasma can, as for all other bacterial species, be performed by agar or broth dilution or disk diffusion. Susceptibility testing of mycoplasmas requires special media because of their slow growth and fastidious medium requirements. Worldwide, there have been very few reports on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the different Mycoplasma species. M. synoviae is intrinsically resistant to erythromycin and flumequin. Most studied strains are susceptible to josamycin, spiramycin, lincomycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, tiamulin, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin. The genetic background for resistance has been studied only with mycoplasmas causing infections in humans. A high frequency of tetracycline resistance has been reported in several Mycoplasma species. Quinolones interfere with DNA replication by binding to DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Resistance to quinolones is caused mainly by mutations in the genes encoding DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV. Mutations at positions 83, 87, and 119 in gyrA have been frequently found to be associated with quinolone resistance in several gram-negative bacterial species, whereas changes at positions 81 and 84 seem to be infrequently found. There are only a very limited number of reports on the antimicrobial susceptibility of the different Mycoplasma species pathogenic for animals, and there is an obvious need for standardization of methods and interpretation.

Citation: Aarestrup F, Kempf I. 2006. Mycoplasma, p 239-248. In Aarestrup F (ed), Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria of Animal Origin. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817534.ch14

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: 0.4982556
Mycoplasma agalactiae: 0.4947468

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References

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Tables

Mycoplasma

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/content/10.1128/9781555817534.chap14.tab14-1

Table 1.

Pathogenic Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species, animal hosts, diseases caused, and antimicrobial agents of importance in controlling infections a

Table 1.

Pathogenic Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species, animal hosts, diseases caused, and antimicrobial agents of importance in controlling infections a

/content/10.1128/9781555817534.chap14.tab14-2

Table 2.

Recommendations for susceptibility testing of veterinary mycoplasmas a

Table 2.

Recommendations for susceptibility testing of veterinary mycoplasmas a

/content/10.1128/9781555817534.chap14.tab14-3

Table 3.

Mutations in 23S rRNA genes conferring macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma spp.

Table 3.

Mutations in 23S rRNA genes conferring macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma spp.

/content/10.1128/9781555817534.chap14.tab14-4

Table 4.

Amino acid substitutions associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma spp.

Table 4.

Amino acid substitutions associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma spp.