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Chapter 9 : The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella

Authors: J. Michael Janda1, Sharon L. Abbott2
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Affiliations: 1: Microbial Diseases Laboratory California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California; 2: Enteric Bacteriology Microbial Diseases Laboratory California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2006

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

The first, , was proposed for strains isolated from plants (banana, rice, sugar cane, and maize) and human clinical samples based on DNA-DNA hybridization, sequencing of six genes, and phenotypic properties. The inherent difficulties in identification and separation of (and ) species, both in the past and the present, have made interpretation of clinical and environmental epidemiologic data of the genera difficult. Most and species can be isolated from diverse mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, and environmental sources. In nosocomial infections, catheterization is believed to be an important factor in the incidence and spread of strains. This chapter talks about laboratory identification that includes isolation, biochemical methods, biotyping and immunodiagnostics. As with other pathogenic bacteria, virulence in is both multifactorial and complex, and the virulence factors produced may vary depending upon the site of the infection. If agglutination is inhibited by D-mannose, the adhesins are classified as mannose-sensitive hemagglutinins (MSHA) or mannose resistant. In six antimicrobial resistance prevalence studies published between 2001 and 2004 from Europe and North America, ranges of susceptibility were as follows: ceftazidime, 92 to 95%; ceftriaxone, 96 to 98%; cefotaxime, 96%; cefepime, 97 to 98%; ciprofloxacin, 93 to 95%; piperacillin-tazobactam, 90 to 97%; imipenem, 98 to 100%; gentamicin, 95 to 96%; amikacin, 98 to 99%; and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (SXT), 88 to 90%.

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella, p 115-136. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch9
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Tables

The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella
Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella, p 115-136. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch9
/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap9.tab9-1
Table 1

Members of the genera and

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10.1128/9781555817541/tab9-1.gif
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Table 1

Members of the genera and

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella, p 115-136. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch9
/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap9.tab9-2
Table 2

Identification of and species by commercial systems

10.1128/9781555817541/tab9-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817541/tab9-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2

Identification of and species by commercial systems

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella, p 115-136. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch9
/content/10.1128/9781555817541.chap9.tab9-3
Table 3

Potential virulence factors of species

10.1128/9781555817541/tab9-3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817541/tab9-3.gif
Generic image for table
Table 3

Potential virulence factors of species

Citation: Janda J, Abbott S. 2006. The Genera Klebsiella and Raoultella, p 115-136. In The Enterobacteria, Second Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817541.ch9

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