Notes

Parents of René Dubos, Georges Alexandre and Madeleine Adéline De Bloedt Dubos, circa 1908. Courtesy of Francis Dubos.

Hénonville, France, Route de Pontoise, 1909. Courtesy of Francis Dubos.

In 1907, the French village of Hénonville had 450 inhabitants, including six-year-old Dubos, fourth from right in front of the Café de la Gare. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

René Dubos at left, circa 1908, at age seven, Hénonville, France. His mother is standing, brother Francis is on the knee of an unnamed seated woman, and sister Madeleine is standing on right. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

Clockwise from left: René Dubos, Collège Chaptal, 1913. Courtesy of Francis Dubos.

René Dubos, Rutgers University, 1924. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

Vial holding type III pneumococcal polysaccharide labeled in Avery's handwriting. Courtesy of Medical World News Collection in the Houston Academy of Medicine-Texas Medical Center.

Two-page letter dated 21 June 1927 from René Dubos accepting Simon Flexner's offer to join the The Rockefeller Institute (reduced). Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

René Dubos with Jacob Lipman, Selman Waksman, visitors, and fellow students of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station at Rutgers University, 1927. Seated, left to right: Mr. King, René Dubos, Edward H. Folwell, Stavano B. Fagundes, Mr. Muller, Dr. Blom. Standing, left to right: D. J. Hissink (Secretary General of International Society of Soil Science, with watch chain), A.W. Blair, Selman Waksman, Dr. McLean, Jacob Lipman, Robert Diehm, Edward J. Russell, Elias Melin, Henry Adams, Mr. Reuszer, Robert L. Starkey, Arthur L. Prince, I.V. Shunk, Florence Tenney. Photograph by George H. Pound. Courtesy of American Society for Microbiology Archives.

Oswald Avery's respiratory disease laboratory group during the early nineteen-thirties. Seated, left to right: Thomas Francis, Jr., Oswald Avery, René Dubos. Standing, left to right: Edward E. Terrell, Kenneth Goodner, Frank H. Babers. Photograph by Walther F. Goebel. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

René Dubos on right, showing flask to Kenneth Goodner, during the nineteen-thirties. Photograph by Walther F. Goebel. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

The detailed report describing the discovery of the antibiotic tyrothricin. Reproduced from The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1939, volume 70, page 1, by copyright permission of The Rockefeller University Press.

Tyrocidine hydrochloride crystals, 1939. Courtesy of Dr. Rollin D. Hotchkiss.

Gramicidin crystals, 1939. Courtesy of Dr. Rollin D. Hotchkiss.

Rollin D. Hotchkiss, 1935. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

Marie Louise Bonnet Dubos, after 1934. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

Marie Louise and René Dubos, Ray Brook sanatorium, circa 1941. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

Letha Jean Porter, circa 1941. Author's collection.

Dubos laboratory group at The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1946. Back, left to right: Jane Kramer, Bernard D. Davis, Alfred Marshak, René Dubos, Merrill Chase, Cynthia Pierce, Rollin Hotchkiss. Center, left to right: Margaret Brophy, Harlean Cort, Gardner Middlebrook, Anne Christiansen. Front, left to right: Jane Buckalew, unknown, Hannah Schottlander, Mary Andrews. Author's collection.

Jean and René Dubos, 1950. Photograph courtesy of Roger Greif.

James Hirsch, Jean Dubos, René Dubos, and Zanvil Cohn in 1971 at the Dubos seventieth birthday festschrift celebration. Photograph ©Lawrence R. Moberg.

René Dubos giving the Jacques Parisot Foundation Lecture, “Human Ecology,” under the auspices of the World Health Organization in 1969. Courtesy of The Rockefeller Archive Center.

The Dubos house in Garrison, New York, 1972. The breezeway between the two sections was favored for writing from early spring until late autumn. Photograph ©Lawrence R. Moberg.

René Dubos in his Rockefeller University office, 1972. Courtesy of the National Archives II-Still Picture Division, RG 16, Series NF, College Park, Maryland.

René Dubos at his house in Garrison, New York, 7 April 1972. Photograph ©Lawrence R. Moberg.

Grave site of René and Jean Dubos, St. Philips in the Highlands, Garrison, New York. Photograph ©Lawrence R. Moberg.