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Chapter 11 : Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids

Author: Anne O. Summers1
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, 527 Biological Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2605
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2005

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

This chapter provides an introduction to metallobiology, brief descriptions of the well-studied plasmidcoded metal resistances, and a short survey of the genetic and biochemical connections between metals and antibiotic resistances. Many genes in bacterial plasmid-borne metal resistance systems are homologous to those of the chromosomal homeostasis systems. Cobalt, nickel, and zinc are all essential metals, and all but zinc are redox active. Lead and cadmium have no beneficial biological functions and are both quite toxic. Operons conferring single and multiple resistances to various subsets of these four transition metals and the main group heavy metal, lead, are based on several distinct types of efflux pumps. In there are three metal resistance loci on pMOL28: a transposon conferring resistance to mercury, merTPADE, and two nontransposable loci conferring resistance to chromate and to cobalt and nickel. Although heavy metal resistances in bacteria first appeared to be largely plasmid encoded, genome sequencing has revealed that homologs of transition metal resistance genes and their regulators abound in all prokaryotic chromosomes, most likely for managing the cell’s use of their beneficial and essential metal relatives. It is a known fact that bacteria isolated from metal-impacted environments typically carry several metal resistances on large conjugative plasmids, suggesting that this genetic arrangement has selective advantage beyond that afforded by expression of related chromosomal loci.

Citation: Summers A. 2005. Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids, p 165-173. In White D, Alekshun M, McDermott P (ed), Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817572.ch11
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Tables

Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids
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Citation: Summers A. 2005. Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids, p 165-173. In White D, Alekshun M, McDermott P (ed), Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817572.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555817572.chap11.tab11-1
Table 1

Biologically useful heavy metal and metalloid elements

Data from references and .

Vanadium and tungsten are also essential for nitrogen fixation in some bacteria.

10.1128/9781555817572/tab11-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817572/tab11-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 1

Biologically useful heavy metal and metalloid elements

Data from references and .

Vanadium and tungsten are also essential for nitrogen fixation in some bacteria.

Citation: Summers A. 2005. Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids, p 165-173. In White D, Alekshun M, McDermott P (ed), Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817572.ch11
/content/10.1128/9781555817572.chap11.tab11-2
Table 2

Plasmid-determined heavy metal and metalloid resistance systems

10.1128/9781555817572/tab11-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817572/tab11-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2

Plasmid-determined heavy metal and metalloid resistance systems

Citation: Summers A. 2005. Metal Resistance Loci of Bacterial Plasmids, p 165-173. In White D, Alekshun M, McDermott P (ed), Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817572.ch11

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