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Category: Environmental Microbiology
Suspicions to Solutions: Characterizing Contaminated Land, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817596/9781555812393_Chap02-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817596/9781555812393_Chap02-2.gifAbstract:
A successful approach to bioremediation involves site characterization that takes into account careful consideration of appropriate microorganisms, their survivability, and their response to various contaminants. Reliable information on the presence, type, and extent of contamination at a site is therefore vitally important. Risk assessment with respect to contaminated land serves two main purposes. First, it can be used to measure the degree of significance of contamination at a site. Second, the level of cleanup required in order to make a site suitable for its intended use may also be determined. There are four key steps in the process of assessing the risks associated with pollutant linkages: hazard (source) identification, exposure assessment, toxicity assessment, and risk characterization. The long-term leaching potential for soil contaminants and gas generation from organic materials are two common causes for remedial work in advance of development even where existing water quality and soil gas concentrations do not necessarily pose a risk until development has taken place. There are partial models to quantify the risks posed to groundwater, surface water, ecosystems, and human health. The outcome of the investigative and risk assessment processes should be a report that is readily understandable by the client, the other members of the professional team, and the appropriate regulatory authorities. A high standard of presentation is therefore important, and the report should describe the various stages of the work undertaken, together with the findings obtained and any assumptions that may have been made.
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Framework for environmental risk assessment (after U.S. EPA guidelines [ 59 ]).
Framework for environmental risk assessment (after U.S. EPA guidelines [ 59 ]).
Risk assessment for a gas station with a leaking underground storage tank (after Institute of Petroleum guidelines [29]).
Risk assessment for a gas station with a leaking underground storage tank (after Institute of Petroleum guidelines [29]).
An example of investigation design, considering historical features.
An example of investigation design, considering historical features.
Scheduling of soil samples prior to laboratory analysis. The labeling procedure, often overlooked, should be viewed as an essential part of the overall procedure and should be given requisite attention to detail.
Scheduling of soil samples prior to laboratory analysis. The labeling procedure, often overlooked, should be viewed as an essential part of the overall procedure and should be given requisite attention to detail.
Procedure of Monte Carlo analysis (after the work of Ferguson and Denner [ 24 ]).
Procedure of Monte Carlo analysis (after the work of Ferguson and Denner [ 24 ]).
A simplified bioremediation decision tree. Whereas the early decisions based on time available tend to be clear-cut, later decisions on which individual biotechnology approach to use become more involved, and consequently the decision tree becomes more complex.
A simplified bioremediation decision tree. Whereas the early decisions based on time available tend to be clear-cut, later decisions on which individual biotechnology approach to use become more involved, and consequently the decision tree becomes more complex.
Source-pathway-receptor for leaking underground storage tank a
Source-pathway-receptor for leaking underground storage tank a
Exposure pathways included in the CLEA model
Exposure pathways included in the CLEA model
Total contaminated site remediation service market within Europe
Total contaminated site remediation service market within Europe
1997 costs of remedial technologies in the United Kingdom a
1997 costs of remedial technologies in the United Kingdom a
Comparative costs of ' remediation techniques in the United Kingdom and the United States a
Comparative costs of ' remediation techniques in the United Kingdom and the United States a
Comparative data on established remedial treatments a
Comparative data on established remedial treatments a
Comparative data for bioremediation techniques a
Comparative data for bioremediation techniques a
Summary of risk-based remediation at RJB Mining
Summary of risk-based remediation at RJB Mining