Intracellular Models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

John Chan; Richard F Silver; Beate Kampmann; Robert S. Wallis

doi:10.1128/9781555817657.ch27

Chapter 27 : Intracellular Models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Authors: John Chan¹, Richard F Silver², Beate Kampmann³, Robert S. Wallis⁴

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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronx, NY 10461; 2: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, OH 44106; 3: Department of Pediatrics, Imperial CollegeLondon SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom; 4: Department of Medicine UMDNJ—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2005

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817657

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817657.ch27

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Abstract:

Intracellular models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection have proven to be invaluable tools to address diverse questions in mycobacterial research. This chapter begins with an analysis of basic host-pathogen interactions in the infected murine macrophage. It then describes two models in which infected human monocytes interact with lymphocytes and other cells to generate antimycobacterial activity. Lastly, the chapter summarizes clinical trials in which these models were used to analyze the effects of BCG vaccination and other immunologic interventions. The best-studied macrophage antimycobacterial mechanisms are those mediated by (i) the production of nitric oxide (NO) and related reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and (ii) phagolysosomal fusion. Recent microarray analyses have demonstrated that RNI can regulate M. tuberculosis gene expression in vitro. It is becoming clear that M. tuberculosis can interfere with the tethering and fusion machinery involved in phagolysosomal biogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells have the capacity to kill intracellular M. tuberculosis, whether these cells are isolated from PPD-positive or PPD-negative subjects. The ability of tuberculin reactors to control growth could be blocked by antibodies to gamma interferon (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and could be inhibited by methylprednisolone or pentoxifylline. Impaired control of infection was not reconstituted by the addition of exogenous IFN-γ but, in a small cohort, improved following initiation of antiretroviral therapy.

Citation: Chan J, Silver R, Kampmann B, Wallis R. 2005. Intracellular Models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection, p 437-450. In Cole S, Eisenach K, McMurray D, Jacobs, Jr. W (ed), Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817657.ch27

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Nitric Oxide Synthase: 0.45069215
Cytotoxic T Cell: 0.42671138
Tumor Necrosis Factor: 0.4250201
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase: 0.40197358

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Intracellular Models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

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/content/10.1128/9781555817657.chap27.fig27-1

Figure 1

After phagocytosis, the tubercle bacillus is subject to attack by reactive radicals including various reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome. M. tuberculosis has evolved sophisticated means by which these potent antimicrobial activities of macrophages can be evaded.

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10.1128/9781555817657/fig27-1.gif

Figure 1

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Tables

Intracellular Models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

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Table 1

Immune control of mycobacterial growth in the blood of tuberculosis patients and healthy volunteers a

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10.1128/9781555817657/tab27-1.gif

Table 1

Immune control of mycobacterial growth in the blood of tuberculosis patients and healthy volunteers a