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Chapter 31 : Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis

Authors: Peter F. Barnes1, Ramakrishna Vankayalapati2
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Affiliations: 1: Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, Department of Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708; 2: Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2005

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Clinical Microbiology

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Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

Immune defenses against are mediated primarily by T cells, and IFN-γ is essential for protective immunity. Investigators have studied cytokine production and mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung tissue from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, pleural fluid from those with tuberculous pleuritis, and lymph nodes from patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis. Most investigators have reported that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of tuberculosis patients show decreased induced IFN-γ production. Helminthic infections and tuberculosis are both common in developing nations, and current or prior helminthic infections can strongly bias mycobacterial antigen-elicited cytokine production toward a Th2 response. Dysregulation of the systemic Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses may be a secondary effect of tuberculosis, since tuberculosis commonly results in malnutrition, which in turn is associated with enhanced Th2 and reduced Th1 cytokine responses. Local administration of cytokines is theoretically more appealing than systemic therapy, since the former approach is likely to result in fewer side effects.

Citation: Barnes P, Vankayalapati R. 2005. Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis, p 489-496. In Cole S, Eisenach K, McMurray D, Jacobs, Jr. W (ed), Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817657.ch31

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Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis
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Citation: Barnes P, Vankayalapati R. 2005. Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis, p 489-496. In Cole S, Eisenach K, McMurray D, Jacobs, Jr. W (ed), Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817657.ch31
/content/10.1128/9781555817657.chap31.fig31-1
Figure 1

Cytokine production in human tuberculosis. At the tissue sites of disease, macrophages produce cytokines that favor the production of Th1 cells. Cytokines such as IL-10, IL-18, and IFN-γ leak into the systemic circulation, resulting in high levels in serum. In the blood, monocytes produce TGF-β and IL-10, which favor the development of Th2 cells, resulting in systemic production of IL-4. Elevated cortisol levels and helminthic infections probably contribute to these effects. M?, macrophage.

10.1128/9781555817657/fig31-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817657/fig31-1.gif
Image of Figure 1
Figure 1

Cytokine production in human tuberculosis. At the tissue sites of disease, macrophages produce cytokines that favor the production of Th1 cells. Cytokines such as IL-10, IL-18, and IFN-γ leak into the systemic circulation, resulting in high levels in serum. In the blood, monocytes produce TGF-β and IL-10, which favor the development of Th2 cells, resulting in systemic production of IL-4. Elevated cortisol levels and helminthic infections probably contribute to these effects. M?, macrophage.

Citation: Barnes P, Vankayalapati R. 2005. Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in the Human Immune Response to Tuberculosis, p 489-496. In Cole S, Eisenach K, McMurray D, Jacobs, Jr. W (ed), Tuberculosis and the Tubercle Bacillus. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817657.ch31
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