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Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Clinical Microbiology
Role of Antibody-Mediated Immunity in Host Defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817657/9781555812959_Chap32-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817657/9781555812959_Chap32-2.gifAbstract:
For many decades, the dominant view in the field of mycobacterial immunology has been that host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis relies exclusively on cell-mediated immunity. In search of new solutions to the overwhelming problem of tuberculosis, investigators set out several years ago to evaluate the help that can be offered by antibody-mediated immunity in host defense against M. tuberculosis, with the possibility that it may lead to the development of a novel and effective vaccine strategy. The literature on studies of antibody-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis can be divided into several general categories: serological studies, passive antibody studies, animal studies, in vitro studies, and human studies. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology, described for the first time in the 1970s, allowed the selection of individual antibodies with particular antigen specificities. Vaccines presently used in humans belong to one of three main categories: inactivated, live attenuated, and subunit vaccines. Adhesion of microbes to host tissues is a significant step in the colonization of the host and the establishment of infection. The majority of these vaccines are thought to provide protection by eliciting protective antibody responses. The progress made in recent years is encouraging and should stimulate interest in evaluating the mechanisms by which antibodies may contribute to host defense against M. tuberculosis. The future challenges are to systematically dissect the conditions required for optimal antibody-mediated immunity against M. tuberculosis and to develop vaccine candidates that will work by eliciting protective antibody responses.
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Schematic representation of a proposed mechanism for antibody-mediated immunity to M. tuberculosis. 1, Interference with adhesion to macrophages (1a) or respiratory epithelium (1b); 2, neutralization or clearance of mycobacterial antigens or toxins; 3, promotion of phagosome-lysosome fusion; 4, opsonization via Fc receptor; 5, complement activation; 6, effect on signal transduction with release of cytokines and chemokines.
Schematic representation of a proposed mechanism for antibody-mediated immunity to M. tuberculosis. 1, Interference with adhesion to macrophages (1a) or respiratory epithelium (1b); 2, neutralization or clearance of mycobacterial antigens or toxins; 3, promotion of phagosome-lysosome fusion; 4, opsonization via Fc receptor; 5, complement activation; 6, effect on signal transduction with release of cytokines and chemokines.
Survival (A) and body weight (B) of C57BL/6 mice immunized with AM conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) in L3 adjuvant emulsion (top panels) or suspension (middle panels), as compared to mice immunized with BCG (bottom panels) and infected intranasally with M. tuberculosis (105 CFU). Black symbols represent mice immunized with AM conjugate vaccine or BCG, and open symbols represent controls. Adapted from reference 36. © 2003 with permission from Elsevier.
Survival (A) and body weight (B) of C57BL/6 mice immunized with AM conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) in L3 adjuvant emulsion (top panels) or suspension (middle panels), as compared to mice immunized with BCG (bottom panels) and infected intranasally with M. tuberculosis (105 CFU). Black symbols represent mice immunized with AM conjugate vaccine or BCG, and open symbols represent controls. Adapted from reference 36. © 2003 with permission from Elsevier.
Effect of MAbs on various aspects of mycobacterial infection
Effect of MAbs on various aspects of mycobacterial infection