1887

Chapter 49 : Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future

Author: Sheshadri Narayanan
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2004

Category: Clinical Microbiology

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817695/9781555812799_Chap49-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817695/9781555812799_Chap49-2.gif

Abstract:

This chapter examines current trends in instrumentation and technology in key disciplines in the clinical laboratory. It talks about the physical organization of the clinical laboratory, and discusses the exploration of the current trends in instrumentation and technology in key laboratory disciplines and how these trends can forebode the future. Besides chemiluminescence, the resolving power of time-resolved fluorescence coupled with the relative absence of competing fluorescent interfering substances has provided the impetus for the development of time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay instrumentation. Hematology analyzers exploiting the unique design features of each of their instrumentations are constantly adding more tests. The mainstay of many routine coagulation laboratories is still the global tests, such as the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). With the instrumentation being able to perform these tests rapidly, in addition to tests such as fibrinogen and thrombin time, the menu of automated tests is constantly increasing. The ability to perform tests at the bedside, rapidly diagnose an infection, and determine appropriate therapy based on the antibiotic susceptibility testing and gene expression profile has the potential to dramatically bring down the need for hospital stays and thus significantly reduce healthcare costs.

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49
1. Aller, R. D. 2002. Survey of automated immunoassay analyzers. CAP Today 16(4): 60– 92.
2. Aller, R. D. 2002. Survey of chemistry analyzers (for low-volume laboratories). CAP Today 16(6): 60– 84.
3. Aller, R. D. 2002. Survey of coagulation analyzers (point-of-care and self monitoring). CAP Today 16(8): 52– 58.
4. Aller, R. D. 2002. Survey of laboratory automation systems and work cells. CAP Today 16(5): 90– 100.
5. Ambrose, T. M.,, C. A. Parvin,, E. Mendeloff,, and L. Luchtman- Jones. 2001. Evaluation of the TAS analyzer and the low-range heparin management test in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Clin. Chem. 47: 858– 866.
6. Andrew, M.,, V. Marzinotto,, M. Adams,, C. Cimini,, and F. LaDuca. 1995. Monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy in pediatric patients using a new microsample PT device. Blood 86(Suppl.): 863.
7. Bourbeau, P. P.,, and J. K. Polman. 2001. Three days of incubation may be sufficient for routine blood cultures with BacT/Alert FAN blood culture bottles. J. Clin.Microbiol. 39: 2079– 2082.
8. Burns, M. A.,, B. N. Johnson,, S. N. Brahmasandra,, K. Handique,, J. R. Webster,, M. Krishnan,, T. S. Sammarco,, P. M. Man,, D. Jones,, D. Heldsinger,, C. H. Mastrangelo,, and D. T. Burke. 1998. An integrated nanoliter DNA analysis device. Science 282: 484– 487.
9. Cao, Y. C.,, R. Jin,, and C. A. Mirkin. 2002. Nanoparticles with Raman spectroscopic fingerprints for DNA and RNA detection. Science 297: 1536– 1540.
10. Chan, S.,, S. R. Horner,, P. M. Fauchet,, and B. L. Miller. 2001. Identification of Gram negative bacteria using nano scale silicon microcavities. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123: 11797– 11798.
11. Chapman, D. H.,, J. A. Hardin,, M. Miers,, S. Moyle,, and M. C. Kinney. 2001. Reduction of the platelet review rate using the two-dimensional platelet method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 115: 894– 898.
12. Collier, C. P.,, E. W. Wong,, M. Belohradsky,, F. M. Raymo,, J. F. Stoddart,, P. J. Kuekes,, R. S. Williams,, and J. R. Heath. 1999. Electronically configurable molecular-based logic gates. Science 285: 391– 394.
13. Corless, C. E.,, M. Guiver,, R. Borrow,, V. Edwards-Jones,, E. B. Kaczmarski,, and A. J. Fox. 2000. Contamination and sensitivity issues with a real-time universal 16S rRNA PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 1747– 1752.
14. Creager, S.,, C. J. Yu,, C. Bamdad,, S. O’Conner,, T. MacLean,, E. Lam,, Y. Chong,, G. T. Olsen,, J. Luo,, M. Gozin,, and J. F. Kayyem. 1999. Electron transfer at electrodes through conjugated “molecular wire” bridges. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121: 1059– 1064.
15. Demers, L. M.,, D. S. Ginger,, S. J. Park,, Z. Li,, S. W. Chung,, and C.A. Mirkin. 2002. Direct patterning of modified oligonucleotides on metals and insulators by dip-pen nanolithography. Science 296: 1836– 1838.
16. Doern, G. V.,, A. B. Brueggemann,, W. M. Dunne,, S. G. Jenkins,, D. C. Halstead,, and J. C. McLaughlin. 1997. Four-day incubation period for blood culture bottles processed with the Difco ESP blood culture system. J. Clin.Microbiol. 35: 1290– 1292.
17. D’Onofrio, G.,, G. Zini,, M. Tommasi,, and L. Van Hove. 1996. Integration of fluorescence and hemocytometry in the CELL-DYN 4000: reticulocyte, nucleated red blood cell, and white blood cell viability study. Lab. Hematol. 2: 131– 138.
18. Duggan, D. J.,, M. Bittner,, Y. Chen,, P. Meltzer,, and J. M. Trent. 1999. Expression profiling using cDNA microarrays. Nat. Genet. 21( 1 Suppl.): 10– 14.
19. Fu, A. Y.,, C. Spence,, A. Scherer,, F. H. Arnold,, and S. R. Quake. 1999. A microfabricated fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Nat. Biotechnol. 17: 1109– 1111.
20. Gingeras, T. R.,, G. Ghandour,, E. Wang,, A. Berno,, P. M. Small,, F. Drobniewski,, D. Alland,, D. Desmond,, E. Holodniy,, and M. Drenkow. 1998. Simultaneous genotyping and species identification using hybridization pattern recognition analysis of generic Mycobacterium DNA arrays. Genome Res. 8: 435– 448.
21. Golub, T. R.,, D. K. Slonim,, P. Tamayo,, C. Huard,, M. Gaasenbeek,, J. P. Mesirov,, H. Coller,, M. L. Loh,, J. R. Downing,, M. A. Caligiuri,, C. D. Bloomfield,, and E. S. Lander. 1999. Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286: 531– 537.
22. Hatch, A.,, A. E. Kamholz,, K. R. Hawkins,, M. S. Munson,, E. A. Schilling,, B. H. Weigl,, and P. Yager. 2001. A rapid diffusion immunoassay in a T-Sensor. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 461– 465.
23. Hessner, M. J.,, M. A. Budish,, and K. D. Freidman. 2000. Genotyping of factor V G1691A (Leiden) without the use of PCR by invasive cleavage of oligonucleotide probes. Clin. Chem. 46: 1051– 1056.
24. Howorka, S.,, S. Cheley,, and H. Bayley. 2001. Sequence-specific detection of individual DNA strands using engineered nanopores. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 636– 639.
25. Kopp, M. U.,, A. J. de Mello,, and A. Manz. 1998. Chemical amplification: continuous flow PCR on a chip. Science 280: 1046– 1048.
26. Kouri, T. T.,, U. Kahkonen,, K. Malminiemi,, R. Vuento,, and R. M. Rowan. 1999. Evaluation of Sysmex UF-100 urine flow cytometer vs. chamber counting of supravitally stained specimens and conventional bacterial cultures. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 112: 25– 35.
27. Kuroki, M.,, Y. Matsumoto,, F. Arakawa,, M. Haruno,, M. Murakami,, M. Kuwahara,, H. Ozaki,, T. Senba,, and Y. Matsuoka. 1995. Reducing interference from heterophilic antibodies in a two-site immunoassay for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by using a human/mouse chimeric antibody to CEA as a tracer. J. Immunol. Methods 180: 81– 91.
28. Lay, M. J.,, and C. T. Wittewer. 1997. Real-time fluorescence genotyping of factor V Leiden during rapid-cycle PCR. Clin. Chem. 43: 2262– 2267.
29. Ling, T. K. W.,, P. C. Tam,, Z. K. Liu,, and A. F. B. Cheng. 2001. Evaluation of Vitek 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 2964– 2966.
30. Littig, J. S.,, and T. A. Nieman. 1992. Quantitation of acridinium esters using electrogenerated chemiluminescence and flow injection. Anal. Chem. 64: 1140– 1144.
31. Mahutte, C. K. 1994. Continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring. Intensive Care Med. 20: 85– 86.
32. Mammen, E. F.,, P. C. Comp,, R. Gosselin,, C. Greenberg,, W. K. Hoots,, C. M. Kessler,, E. C. Larkin,, D. Liles,, and D. J. Nugent. 1998. PFA-100 system: a new method for assessment of platelet dysfunction. Semin. Thromb. Hemost. 24: 195– 202.
33. McCusker, M. D.,, I. McConnell,, J. V. Lamont,, and S. P. Fitzgerald. 2002. Simultaneous multi-analyte analysis by biochip array technology. Poster 1. [Online.] http://www.randox.com.
34. Meldrum, D. R.,, and M. R. Holl. 2002. Microscale bioanalytical systems. Science 297: 1197– 1198.
35. Narayanan, S. 1996. Concepts, principles and applications of selected molecular biology techniques in clinical biochemistry. Adv. Clin. Chem. 32: 1– 38.
36. Narayanan, S. 1997. Preanalytical and analytical pitfalls in molecular biology techniques. J. Clin. Ligand Assay 20: 200– 205.
37. Narayanan, S. 1998. Quality control in tumor marker analysis: preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical issues. J. Clin. Ligand Assay 21: 11– 17.
38. Narayanan, S. 2000. Technology and laboratory instrumentation in the next decade. MLO Med. Lab. Obs. 32: 24– 31.
38a.. Narayanan, S. 2000. Current perspectives on laboratory markers for the assessment of cardiovascular disease and myocardial damage. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 14: 117– 128.
39. Narayanan, S. 2001. Impact of ultra-sensitive technology and contemporary therapy on laboratory results. Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 16: 15– 21.
40. Narayanan, S.,, and N. Hamasaki. 1998. Current concepts of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Adv. Clin. Chem. 33: 133– 168.
41. Olive, D. M.,, and P. Bean. 1999. Principles and applications of methods for DNA-based typing of microbial organisms. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 1661– 1669.
42. Park, S.-J.,, T. A. Taton,, and C. A. Mirkin. 2002. Array-based electrical detection of DNA with nanoparticle probes. Science 295: 1503– 1506.
43. Piersimoni, C.,, C. Scarparo,, A. Callegaro,, C. P. Tosi,, D. Nista,, S. Bornigia,, M. Scagnelli,, A. Rigon,, G. Ruggiero,, and A. Goglio. 2001. Comparison of MB/BacT ALERT 3D system with radiometric BACTEC system and Löwenstein-Jensen medium for recovery and identification of mycobacteria from clinical specimens: a multicenter study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 651– 657.
44. Poller, L.,, M. Keown,, N. Chauhan,, A. M. H. P. Van Den Besselaar,, A. Tripodi,, J. Jespersen,, C. Schiach,, M. H. Horellou,, D. Dias,, N. Egberg,, J. A. Iriarte,, I. Kontopoulou-Griva,, and B. Otridge. 2002. European concerted action on anticoagulation (ECAA): multicentre international sensitivity index calibration of two types of point-of-care prothrombin time monitor systems. Br. J. Haematol. 116: 844– 850.
45. Pringle, M. J. 1999. Acridinium ester labels: esters, sulfonamides and their applications. J. Clin. Ligand Assay 22: 105– 122.
46. Radstrom, P.,, A. Backman,, N. Qian,, P. Kragsbjerg,, C. Pahlson,, and P. Olcen. 1994. Detection of bacterial DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by an assay for simultaneous detection of Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and streptococci using a seminested PCR strategy. J. Clin.Microbiol. 32: 2738– 2744.
47. Reisner, B. S.,, and G. L. Woods. 1999. Times to detection of bacteria and yeasts in BACTEC 9240 blood culture bottles. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 2024– 2026.
48. Reyes, D. R.,, D. Iossifidis,, P.-A. Auroux,, and A. Manz. 2002. Micrototal analysis systems. 1. Introduction, theory and technology. Anal. Chem. 74: 2623– 2636.
49. Rhoads, S.,, L. Marinelli,, C. A. Imperatrice,, and I. Nachamkin. 1995. Comparison of Microscan WalkAway system and Vitek system for identification of gram-negative bacteria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 3044– 3046.
50. Roberts, W. L.,, C.B. Calcote,, B. K. De,, V. Holmstrom,, C. Narlock,, and F. S. Apple. 1997. Prevention of analytical false-positive increases in troponin I on the Stratus II analyzer. Clin. Chem. 43: 860– 861. (Letter to the editor.)
51. Rubin, M. A. 2002. Understanding disease cell by cell. Science 296: 1329– 1330.
52. Schmidt, F. J.,, W. J. Sluiter,, and A. J. M. Schoonen. 1993. Glucose concentration in subcutaneous extracellular space. Diabetes Care 16: 695– 700.
53. Smythe, M. A.,, J. M. Koerber,, S. J. Westley,, S. N. Nowak,, R. L. Begle,, M. Balasubramaniam,, and J. C. Mattson. 2001. Use of the activated partial thromboplastin time for heparin monitoring. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 115: 148– 155.
54. Terray, A.,, J. Oakey,, and D. W. M. Marr. 2002. Microfluidic control using colloidal devices. Science 296: 1841– 1844.
55. Troesch, A.,, H. Nguyen,, C. G. Miyada,, S. Desvarenne,, T. R. Gingeras,, P. M. Kaplan,, P. Cros,, and C. Mabilat. 1999. Mycobacterium species identification and rifampin resistance testing with high-density DNA probe arrays. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 49– 55.
56. Venkatesh, B.,, T. H. Clutton-Brock,, and S. P. Hendry. 1994. A multiparameter sensor for continuous intra-arterial blood gas monitoring: a prospective evaluation. Crit. Care Med. 22: 588– 594.
57. Vercoutere, W.,, S. Winters-Hilt,, H. Olsen,, D. Deamer,, D. Haussler,, and M. Akeson. 2001. Rapid discrimination among individual DNA hairpin molecules at single-nucleotide resolution using an ion channel. Nat. Biotechnol. 19: 248– 252.
58. Ward, P. C. J. 2000. The CBC at the turn of the millennium: an overview. Clin. Chem. 46: 1215– 1220.
59. Weigl, B. H.,, and P. Yager. 1999. Microfluidic diffusion-based separation and detection. Science 283: 346– 347.
60. Winn-Deen, E. S. 1996. Automation of molecular genetic methods—part 2: DNA amplification techniques. J. Clin. Ligand Assay 19: 21– 26.

Tables

Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Sheshadri, foaf_name=Sheshadri Narayanan, foaf_surname=Narayanan}]]
Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-1
Table 49.1

Ultrasensitive immunoassay techniques

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.1

Ultrasensitive immunoassay techniques

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-2
Table 49.2

Principles and features of automated hematology analyzers

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.2

Principles and features of automated hematology analyzers

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-3
Table 49.3

Features of POC coagulation analyzers

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-3.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.3

Features of POC coagulation analyzers

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-4
Table 49.4

Features of automated microbiology instruments

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-4.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.4

Features of automated microbiology instruments

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-5
Table 49.5

Molecular methods for bacterial and viral detection

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-5_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-5.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.5

Molecular methods for bacterial and viral detection

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49
/content/10.1128/9781555817695.chap49.tab49-6
Table 49.6

Next-generation technologies for clinical laboratory diagnostic applications

10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-6_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817695/tab49-6.gif
Generic image for table
Table 49.6

Next-generation technologies for clinical laboratory diagnostic applications

Citation: Narayanan S. 2004. Current Trends in Instrumentation and Technology: Outlook for the Future, p 792-807. In Garcia L, Baselski V, Burke M, Schwab D, Sewell D, Steele J, Weissfeld A, Wilkinson D, Winn W (ed), Clinical Laboratory Management. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817695.ch49

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error