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Chapter 18 : Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis

Authors: Malabi M. Venkatesan1, Valerie Burland2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Enteric Infections, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910; 2: Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2004

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Abstract:

This chapter discusses the genome-scale analysis of virulence plasmids: the contribution of plasmid-borne virulence genes to enterobacterial pathogenesis. The spectrum of diseases caused by and other enteric bacteria is due to the acquisition of a variety of specific virulence genes harbored on plasmids, on bacteriophages, or within distinct chromosomal DNA segments termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs) that are absent from the genomes of commensal strains. A study showed that StcE is secreted by the plasmid-encoded type II apparatus, and its expression is regulated by chromosomally encoded Ler, which also controls expression of LEE genes that have key roles in the attaching and effacing phenotype of O157:H7. The chapter emphasizes that virulence plasmids of the enteric bacterial pathogens have evolved by acquiring either individual genes or blocks of genes from bacteriophages and other conjugative plasmids by transposition mechanisms. Many of the remnants of such acquisition events are evident in the sequences of the virulence plasmids of , the pathogenic , and . Genome sequencing will provide many of the virulence plasmids, with the advantage of economy of effort and expense, since no separate experiments are needed when the plasmids are present in the genomic DNA preparation at the time of library construction. Collection of sequences that will be made available by the worldwide genome sequencing effort should provide a basis for devising new therapeutic solutions to some of the outstanding problems of infectious diseases, including the further transmission of drug resistance.

Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
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Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis
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Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap18.fig18-1
Figure 1.

Phylogenetic relationships of Rep proteins from various plasmids. Rep proteins, shown here with their GenBank identifiers, were compared using the ClustalW method by Megalign (DNASTAR). The sequences were aligned using multiple alignment parameters of gap penalty 10 and gap length penalty 10. Proteins mentioned in the text are in bold type.

10.1128/9781555817732/fig18-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817732/fig18-1.gif
Image of Figure 1.
Figure 1.

Phylogenetic relationships of Rep proteins from various plasmids. Rep proteins, shown here with their GenBank identifiers, were compared using the ClustalW method by Megalign (DNASTAR). The sequences were aligned using multiple alignment parameters of gap penalty 10 and gap length penalty 10. Proteins mentioned in the text are in bold type.

Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
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Tables

Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis
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Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap18.tab18-1
Table 1.

Comparison of features of virulence plasmids and related prototypes

10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 1.

Comparison of features of virulence plasmids and related prototypes

Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap18.tab18-2
Table 2.

Replication, transfer, and maintenance functions

10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2.

Replication, transfer, and maintenance functions

Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap18.tab18-3
Table 3.

Sequenced small plasmids from pathogenic

10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555817732/tab18-3.gif
Generic image for table
Table 3.

Sequenced small plasmids from pathogenic

Citation: Venkatesan M, Burland V. 2004. Genome-Scale Analysis of Virulence Plasmids: the Contribution of Plasmid-Borne Virulence Genes to Enterobacterial Pathogenesis, p 393-411. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch18

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