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Chapter 23 : Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids

Authors: Diane E. Taylor1, Amera Gibreel1, Dobryan M. Tracz1, Trevor D Lawley2
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H7
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 2004

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Abstract:

This chapter provides an overview of plasmid classification systems and then describes the various mechanisms of plasmid-mediated resistance to antibacterial agents. The major pathways for the evolution of bacterial resistance plasmids are discussed. In general, plasmid-mediated resistance to antibacterials is a result of three major mechanisms: (i) destruction or modification of the antibacterial agents, (ii) prevention of the antibacterial agent from reaching its target in the bacterial cell, and (iii) production of an altered bacterial target. Resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, glycopeptides, and quinolones are examples of this type of resistance. The majority of the approximately 60 known gene cassettes code for antibiotic resistance determinants. Genes in integrons have been found to encode resistance to a wide variety of antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and the β-lactams. The aadA1 gene cassette (encoding spectinomycin resistance), carried by Tn21, is one of the most widespread resistance genes. Although the epidemiology of integrons has only recently been investigated, several reports have emphasized the importance of integrons in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. IncHI1 plasmids are representative of antibiotic resistance plasmids that play a central role in the emergence and reemergence of bacterial pathogens. The chapter highlights the dynamic processes involved in plasmid evolution to acquire resistance markers. Transposons, integrons, conjugation, and other mechanisms of resistance spread are all employed by pathogens to respond to continued antibiotic usage in the clinic and in the environment.

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
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Tables

Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids
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Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap23.tab23-1
Table 1

Plasmid incompatibility groups in

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Table 1

Plasmid incompatibility groups in

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap23.tab23-2
Table 2

Plasmid incompatibility groups in

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10.1128/9781555817732/tab23-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2

Plasmid incompatibility groups in

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap23.tab23-3
Table 3

Plasmid incompatibility groups in S.

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Generic image for table
Table 3

Plasmid incompatibility groups in S.

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap23.tab23-4
Table 4

Completely sequenced resistance plasmids from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

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Table 4

Completely sequenced resistance plasmids from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23
/content/10.1128/9781555817732.chap23.tab23-5
Table 5

Completely sequenced broad-host-range resistance plasmids

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10.1128/9781555817732/tab23-5.gif
Generic image for table
Table 5

Completely sequenced broad-host-range resistance plasmids

Citation: Taylor D, Gibreel A, Tracz D, Lawley T. 2004. Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids, p 473-492. In Funnell B, Phillips G (ed), Plasmid Biology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817732.ch23

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