
Full text loading...
Category: Clinical Microbiology
Rapid Systems and Instruments for the Identification of Viruses 5, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817961/9781555811891_Chap05-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555817961/9781555811891_Chap05-2.gifAbstract:
In this chapter, the author reviews the most common commercially available kits and methods for the routine clinical virology laboratory. Outbreaks of influenza occur annually during the winter. The virus infects the columnar epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, and in the majority of those infected, the virus causes a disease characterized by fever, pharyngitis, and myalgias. The BD Directigen Flu A assay introduced 10 years ago, detects only influenza A virus, and of all the assays listed, it is the most extensively evaluated. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children worldwide. Unlike influenza virus, RSV is relatively difficult to recover in cell culture. Most of the immunoassays for RSV were developed and extensively evaluated in the early 1980s. Gardner and McQuillan comprehensively examined the value of immunofluorescence staining for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in the early 1980s. Since influenza antigens are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm and parainfluenza virus antigens are exclusively cytoplasmic, the staining pattern may provide a clue to the identity of the virus and thus direct subsequent staining. Many viruses, including astroviruses, caliciviruses (Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses), coronaviruses (the genus Torovirus), adenoviruses, and rotaviruses cause gastrointestinal disease in humans, and unfortunately, all are either difficult or impossible to cultivate in routinely used cell cultures. The adenoviruses cause a broad spectrum of human disease, including pharyngitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, and diarrhea.
Full text loading...
ZstatFlu (left), FLU OIA (middle), and Directigen Flu A (right).
ZstatFlu (left), FLU OIA (middle), and Directigen Flu A (right).
Directigen Flu A+B device.
Directigen Flu A+B device.
QuickVue. Courtesy of Quidel Corp.
QuickVue. Courtesy of Quidel Corp.
VIDAS instrument.
VIDAS instrument.
VIDAS cuvettes and tip.
VIDAS cuvettes and tip.
Directigen RSV kit. Courtesy of BD Diagnostic Systems.
Directigen RSV kit. Courtesy of BD Diagnostic Systems.
Bartels Respiratory kit. Courtesy of Trinity Biotech.
Bartels Respiratory kit. Courtesy of Trinity Biotech.
ImmunoCard Rotavirus. Courtesy of Meridian Diagnostics.
ImmunoCard Rotavirus. Courtesy of Meridian Diagnostics.
ImmunoCard STAT! Rotavirus. Courtesy of Meridian Diagnostics.
ImmunoCard STAT! Rotavirus. Courtesy of Meridian Diagnostics.
Cells stained with Biotest assay. Courtesy of Biotest Diagnostics Corp.
Cells stained with Biotest assay. Courtesy of Biotest Diagnostics Corp.
Biotest kit in its entirety. Courtesy of Biotest Diagnostics Corp.
Biotest kit in its entirety. Courtesy of Biotest Diagnostics Corp.
Rapid diagnostic tests for influenza virus
Rapid diagnostic tests for influenza virus