Impact of Amoebae, Bacteria, and Tetrahymena on Legionella pneumophila Multiplication and Distribution in an Aquatic Environment

Tamera McNealy; Anthony L. Newsome; Rebecca A. Johnson; Sharon G. Berk

doi:10.1128/9781555817985.ch30

Chapter 30 : Impact of Amoebae, Bacteria, and Tetrahymena on Legionella pneumophila Multiplication and Distribution in an Aquatic Environment

Authors: Tamera McNealy¹, Anthony L. Newsome², Rebecca A. Johnson³, Sharon G. Berk³

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Affiliations: 1: Klinikum Mannheim, Urologisches Labor, ZMF, Haus 8, Ebene 4N, Theodor Kutzer Ufer, 1-3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany; 2: Department of Biology, Box 60, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132; 3: Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2002

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555817985

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555817985.ch30

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Abstract:

This chapter aims at defining a minimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) and determining if the presence of non-Legionella species of bacteria would influence the recovery of Legionella pneumophila CFU during replication and lysis of amoebae host cells. It also aims at documenting the impact of adding the free-swimming ciliate Tetrahymena to the amplified number of Legionella after they had lysed the population of amoebae host cells. If amoebae infection by L. pneumophila was the result of inadvertent contact and subsequent phagocytosis, an inhibitory effect might have been expected since addition of exogenous bacteria would likewise result in increased inadvertent contact with phagocytosis, and thus diminish potential contact and uptake of virulent L. pneumophila. As a direct result of L. pneumophila amplification, amoebae lysed, liberating the bacteria, which were then concentrated into vesicles by the Tetrahymena sp. A conclusion reached in this study is that L. pneumophila can initiate infection in amoebae at an MOI considerably lower than often used in laboratory studies.

Citation: McNealy T, Newsome A, Johnson R, Berk S. 2002. Impact of Amoebae, Bacteria, and Tetrahymena on Legionella pneumophila Multiplication and Distribution in an Aquatic Environment, p 170-175. In Marre R, Abu Kwaik Y, Bartlett C, Cianciotto N, Fields B, Frosch M, Hacker J, Lück P (ed), Legionella. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555817985.ch30

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Impact of Amoebae, Bacteria, and Tetrahymena on Legionella pneumophila Multiplication and Distribution in an Aquatic Environment

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/content/10.1128/9781555817985.chap30.fig30-1

FIGURE 1

(A) The ciliate, Tetmhymena, next to a cluster of expelled food vacuoles (vesicles). Bar, 5.0 μm. (В) Large clusters of loosely attached vesicles released from Tctmliymeim after 24 h in coculture with amoebae and L. pneumophila. Bar, 5.0 μm.(С) Vesicles containing viable L. pneumophila as determined by reduction of INT, which resulted in a dark-colored product within respiring bacteria. Bar, 5.0 μm.

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FIGURE 1

References

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1. Abu Kwaik, Y.,, L.-Y. Gao,, B. J. Stone, C. Venkataraman, and O. S. Harb. 1998. Invasion of protozoa by Legionella pneumophila and its role in bacterial ecology and pathogenesis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 3127– 3133.

2. Berk, S. B.,, R. S. Ting,, G. W. Turner,, and R. J. Ashburn. 1998. Production of respirable vesicles containing live Legionella pneumophila cells by two Acanthamoeba spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 279– 286.

3. Fields, B. S., 1993. Legionella and protozoa: interactions of a pathogen and its natural host, p. 437– 441. In J. M. Barbaree,, R. F. Breiman,, and A. P. Dufour (ed.), Legionella: Cunent Status and Emerging Perspectives. American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.

4. Fliermans, C. B. 1996. Ecology of Legionella: from data to knowledge with a little wisdom. Microb. Ecol. 32: 203– 228.

5. Harb, O. S.,, L.-Y. Gao,, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 2000. From protozoa to mammalian cells: a new paradigm in the life cycle of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Environ. Microbiol. 2: 251– 265.

6. Harb, O. S.,, C. Venkataraman,, B. J. Haack,, L.-Y. Gao,, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Het-erogenity in the attachment and uptake mechanisms of the Legionnaires' disease bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, by protozoan hosts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 126– 132.

7. Rodriguez-Zaragoza, S. 1994. Ecology of free-living amoebae. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 20: 225– 241.

8. Rogers, J.,, A. B. Dowsett,, P. J. Dennis,, J. V. Lee,, and C. W. Keevil. 1994. Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1585– 1592.

9. Rogers, J.,, A. P. Dowsett,, P. J. Dennis,, J. V. Lee,, and C. W. Keevil. 1994. Influence of plumbing material on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in potable water systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60: 1842– 1851.

10. Stone, B. J.,, and Y. Abu Kwaik. 1998. Expression of multiple pili by Legionella pneumophila: identification and characterization of a type IV pilin gene and its role in adherence to mammalian and protozoan cells. Infect. Immun. 66: 1768– 1775.

11. Wright, J. B.,, I. Ruseska,, M. A. Athar,, S. Corbett,, and J. W. Coserton. 1989. Legionella pneumophila grows adherent to surfaces in vitro and in situ. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 10: 408– 415.

Tables

Impact of Amoebae, Bacteria, and Tetrahymena on Legionella pneumophila Multiplication and Distribution in an Aquatic Environment

/content/10.1128/9781555817985.chap30.tab30-1

TABLE 1

Multiplication of L. pneumophila in A. polyphaga incubated in spring water at 30°C

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10.1128/9781555817985/tab30-1.gif

TABLE 1

Multiplication of L. pneumophila in A. polyphaga incubated in spring water at 30°C

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