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Chapter 8 : The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?

Authors: Claude Parsot1, Philippe J. Sansonetti1
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Affiliations: 1: Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Unité INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 1999

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Abstract:

strains are gram-negative, nonsporulating, nonencapsulated, facultative aerobic, nonmotile, straight rods that belong to the family and to the tribe . These observations suggest that virulence plasmids are made up of conserved building blocks and that some differences between various plasmids might be the result of shuffling of these building blocks. This chapter focuses on genes carried by the virulence plasmid that are or might be involved in the pathogenicity of . The virulence plasmid is an IncFII replicon, and functions involved in plasmid maintenance and stability have been recently described. Three genes carried by the virulence plasmid have been implicated in the ability of Shigella to move within the cytoplasm of infected cells: (), (),and . The current model proposes that binding of H-NS to the virB promoter at low temperature prevents its activation by . SepA homologs such as PssA from Shiga toxin-producing and EspP from enterohemorrhagic are also encoded by virulence plasmids and are flanked by sequences related to IS600,IS911,IS203, and IS7. Two different genes, designated and , encoding periplasmic phosphatases about 25 kDa have been cloned from the virulence plasmid of two isolates of serotype 2a. So far, all the proteins identified as or proposed to be effectors of the specific interactions that occur between and host cells are encoded by the virulence plasmid.

Citation: Parsot C, Sansonetti P. 1999. The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?, p 151-165. In Kaper J, Hacker J (ed), Pathogenicity Islands and Other Mobile Virulence Elements. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818173.ch8
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The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?
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Citation: Parsot C, Sansonetti P. 1999. The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?, p 151-165. In Kaper J, Hacker J (ed), Pathogenicity Islands and Other Mobile Virulence Elements. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818173.ch8
/content/10.1128/9781555818173.chap8.fig8-1
Figure 1

Genetic organization of the entry region. The 31-kb entry region of the virulence plasmid is shown in a discontinuous manner, and the gene order reads from top to bottom and from left to right. genes are shown by open arrows (not to scale), and their names are indicated in bold type. Numbers indicate the size (in base pairs) of intergenic regions. Homologous genes present in the SPI-1 region at centisome 68 of the chromosome (see references and for reviews) are indicated in standard characters below the genes; gene clusters are indicated by thin arrows.

10.1128/9781555818173/fig8-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818173/fig8-1.gif
Image of Figure 1
Figure 1

Genetic organization of the entry region. The 31-kb entry region of the virulence plasmid is shown in a discontinuous manner, and the gene order reads from top to bottom and from left to right. genes are shown by open arrows (not to scale), and their names are indicated in bold type. Numbers indicate the size (in base pairs) of intergenic regions. Homologous genes present in the SPI-1 region at centisome 68 of the chromosome (see references and for reviews) are indicated in standard characters below the genes; gene clusters are indicated by thin arrows.

Citation: Parsot C, Sansonetti P. 1999. The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?, p 151-165. In Kaper J, Hacker J (ed), Pathogenicity Islands and Other Mobile Virulence Elements. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818173.ch8
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Figure 2

Schematic genetic map of pWR100, the virulence plasmid of M90T. The virulence plasmid is shown in a circular form, on which the position of genes is indicated by thick lines and their direction of transcription is indicated by arrows. The positions of ,and have not been determined. Numbers refer to the coordinates on the plasmid, in kilobases.

10.1128/9781555818173/fig8-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818173/fig8-2.gif
Image of Figure 2
Figure 2

Schematic genetic map of pWR100, the virulence plasmid of M90T. The virulence plasmid is shown in a circular form, on which the position of genes is indicated by thick lines and their direction of transcription is indicated by arrows. The positions of ,and have not been determined. Numbers refer to the coordinates on the plasmid, in kilobases.

Citation: Parsot C, Sansonetti P. 1999. The Virulence Plasmid of Shigellae: an Archipelago of Pathogenicity Islands?, p 151-165. In Kaper J, Hacker J (ed), Pathogenicity Islands and Other Mobile Virulence Elements. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818173.ch8
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