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Chapter 19 : Bovine Trichomoniasis
Authors:
Lynette B. Corbeil1,
Robert H. BonDurant2
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Affiliations:
1: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103-8416;
2: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year:
1999
Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; General Interest
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781555818210
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
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Abstract:
Bovine trichomoniasis has many similarities to human trichomoniasis. Both protozoan infections are sexually transmitted and are characterized by clinical signs that vary from asymptomatic to purulent discharge after weeks to months of infection. Since bovine trichomoniasis is a naturally occurring sexually transmitted infection, it can better serve as a model for human trichomoniasis. The bovine infection causes significant economic loss due to reproductive failure and consequently has been well studied. The use of this model to help understand human infection may be quite productive for two reasons: (i) the similarities in host-pathogen relationships may imply similarities in immune mechanisms of protection; and (ii) the early loss of pregnancy in bovine trichomoniasis should stimulate research on adverse outcomes in the first and second trimester of pregnancy in women with trichomoniasis. The clinical picture and the pathogenesis of bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis are very similar in that these two extracellular pathogens are transmitted exclusively by sexual contact. Evidence suggests that vaccination with the purified adherence antigen may prevent pregnancy failure. In the future, control of bovine trichomoniasis may rely on immunoprophylaxis, but currently, accurate diagnosis and management are the basis of prevention and control efforts. Several observations on bovine trichomoniasis are of interest to researchers investigating the control of human trichomoniasis. The commercially available vaccine for bovine trichomoniasis consists of whole cells.
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
Figures
Bovine Trichomoniasis
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Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
/content/10.1128/9781555818210.chap19.fig19-1
Figure 1
Giemsa stain of T. foetus. The tear-shaped motile protozoa have a single nucleus, three anterior flagella, and an undulating membrane with a protruding single posterior flagellum. Courtesy of John Thomford, University of California, San Diego.
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-1.gif
Figure 1
Giemsa stain of T. foetus. The tear-shaped motile protozoa have a single nucleus, three anterior flagella, and an undulating membrane with a protruding single posterior flagellum. Courtesy of John Thomford, University of California, San Diego.
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
/content/10.1128/9781555818210.chap19.fig19-2
Figure 2
Clearance of T. foetus after vaginal inoculation of 106 organisms in heifers vaccinated with adherence antigen in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant alone (A) or with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant and dextran sulfate (B). Controls were vaccinated with adjuvant but no antigen. Positive animals were determined by weekly cultures of vaginal mucus. There were eight animals per group. Modified from BonDurant et al. (1993 ).
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-2.gif
Figure 2
Clearance of T. foetus after vaginal inoculation of 106 organisms in heifers vaccinated with adherence antigen in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant alone (A) or with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant and dextran sulfate (B). Controls were vaccinated with adjuvant but no antigen. Positive animals were determined by weekly cultures of vaginal mucus. There were eight animals per group. Modified from BonDurant et al. (1993 ).
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
/content/10.1128/9781555818210.chap19.fig19-3
Figure 3
Uterine mucosa of a heifer systemically primed and vaginally boosted with T. foetus antigen. Intravaginal challenge with 106 T. foetus organisms was performed 10 weeks prior to euthanasia. The arrow indicates a lymphoid follicle adjacent to an endometrial gland. T. foetus, an anaerobe, is often found in the lumen of such glands, perhaps owing to decreased oxygen tension in this locale. Modified from Corbeil et al. (1998 ) with the permission of the publisher. Courtesy of M. L. Anderson, University of California, Davis.
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-3.gif
Figure 3
Uterine mucosa of a heifer systemically primed and vaginally boosted with T. foetus antigen. Intravaginal challenge with 106 T. foetus organisms was performed 10 weeks prior to euthanasia. The arrow indicates a lymphoid follicle adjacent to an endometrial gland. T. foetus, an anaerobe, is often found in the lumen of such glands, perhaps owing to decreased oxygen tension in this locale. Modified from Corbeil et al. (1998 ) with the permission of the publisher. Courtesy of M. L. Anderson, University of California, Davis.
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
/content/10.1128/9781555818210.chap19.fig19-4
Figure 4
Vaginal mucosa of an animal systemically primed and vaginally boosted with T. foetus antigen. Intravaginal challenge with 106 T. foetus organisms was performed 10 weeks prior to euthanasia and tissue collection. Arrows indicate modified epithelium overlying diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, as well as plasma cells with fewer neutrophils and eosinophils. Arrowheads show lymphoid follicular nodules in the submucosa. Modified from Corbeil et al. (1998 ) with permission of the publisher. Courtesy of M. L. Anderson, University of California, Davis.
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818210/fig19-4.gif
Figure 4
Vaginal mucosa of an animal systemically primed and vaginally boosted with T. foetus antigen. Intravaginal challenge with 106 T. foetus organisms was performed 10 weeks prior to euthanasia and tissue collection. Arrows indicate modified epithelium overlying diffuse infiltration of lymphocytes, as well as plasma cells with fewer neutrophils and eosinophils. Arrowheads show lymphoid follicular nodules in the submucosa. Modified from Corbeil et al. (1998 ) with permission of the publisher. Courtesy of M. L. Anderson, University of California, Davis.
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
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Tables
Bovine Trichomoniasis
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Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19
/content/10.1128/9781555818210.chap19.tab19-1
Table 1
Prevalence of bovine trichomoniasis
Table 1
Prevalence of bovine trichomoniasis
Citation:
Corbeil L, BonDurant R.
1999.
Bovine Trichomoniasis,
p 311-328.
In
Hitchcock P, MacKay H, Wasserheit J, Binder R (ed),
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Adverse Outcomes of Pregnancy.
ASM Press, Washington, DC.
doi: 10.1128/9781555818210.ch19