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Chapter 7 : Splicing of tRNA Precursors

Authors: Shawn K. Westaway1, John Abelson2
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Affiliations: 1: Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Loma Linda University, Mortensen Hall, 11058 Campus Drive, Loma Linda, California 92350; 2: Division of Biology, 147-75, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 1995

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Abstract:

This chapter reviews what is known about the mechanism of precursor tRNA splicing: (i) the tRNA substrates for the splicing reaction, (ii) the enzymes involved in removing the introns to form the mature tRNA, (iii) interactions between these enzymes and their tRNA substrates and cofactors, (iv) the organization of tRNA splicing in the nucleus, (v) the identity of splicing mutants that affect the enzymatic machinery, (vi) current knowledge about the differences and similarities of tRNA splicing in systems of various organisms, and (vii) the possible function of tRNA introns.

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Splicing of tRNA Precursors
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Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555818333.chap7.fig7-1
Figure 1

Structure of yeast pre-tRNAs. On the left is the consensus sequence of nine different yeast pre-tRNAs (66). O = unconserved sequences in the pre-tRNA; X = regions where there are variable numbers of nucleotides. On the right is a model for the tertiary structure of these pre-tRNAs based on the crystal structure of yeast tRNA (adapted from reference ).

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10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-1.gif
Image of Figure 1
Figure 1

Structure of yeast pre-tRNAs. On the left is the consensus sequence of nine different yeast pre-tRNAs (66). O = unconserved sequences in the pre-tRNA; X = regions where there are variable numbers of nucleotides. On the right is a model for the tertiary structure of these pre-tRNAs based on the crystal structure of yeast tRNA (adapted from reference ).

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Figure 2

Mechanism for tRNA splicing in yeast, as described in text. Splice sites are indicated by small arrows, and the intron is shown in bold. The phosphate from exogenous GTP is indicated by a filled-in triangle and the endogenous phosphate by a filled circle. CPDase = cyclic phosphodiesterase; ASTase = adenylyl synthetase; 2′-PTase = 2′-phosphatase (taken with permission from reference ).

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10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-2.gif
Image of Figure 2
Figure 2

Mechanism for tRNA splicing in yeast, as described in text. Splice sites are indicated by small arrows, and the intron is shown in bold. The phosphate from exogenous GTP is indicated by a filled-in triangle and the endogenous phosphate by a filled circle. CPDase = cyclic phosphodiesterase; ASTase = adenylyl synthetase; 2′-PTase = 2′-phosphatase (taken with permission from reference ).

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Figure 3

Mechanism for removal of 2′-phosphate from spliced tRNA, as described in text. NAD = component I; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; and component II = phosphotransferase (adapted from reference , © 1993 AAAS).

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10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-3.gif
Image of Figure 3
Figure 3

Mechanism for removal of 2′-phosphate from spliced tRNA, as described in text. NAD = component I; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; and component II = phosphotransferase (adapted from reference , © 1993 AAAS).

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Figure 4

Model for tertiary structure of pre-tRNA based on crystal structure of yeast tRNA. Major domains of the mature tRNA are indicated, with the intervening sequence (IVS) shown in bold. The ruler indicates the measuring interaction of the endonuclease with the IVS and perhaps with a part of the mature domain (see text); the scissors indicate the 5′ and 3′ cleavage sites of the IVS (adapted from reference , © 1992 AAAS).

10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-4.gif
Image of Figure 4
Figure 4

Model for tertiary structure of pre-tRNA based on crystal structure of yeast tRNA. Major domains of the mature tRNA are indicated, with the intervening sequence (IVS) shown in bold. The ruler indicates the measuring interaction of the endonuclease with the IVS and perhaps with a part of the mature domain (see text); the scissors indicate the 5′ and 3′ cleavage sites of the IVS (adapted from reference , © 1992 AAAS).

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Figure 5

Spatial model for yeast pathway of pre-tRNA splicing complex formation in vivo. See text for details. (Reprinted with permission from reference . Copyright 1988, American Chemical Society.)

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10.1128/9781555818333/fig7-5.gif
Image of Figure 5
Figure 5

Spatial model for yeast pathway of pre-tRNA splicing complex formation in vivo. See text for details. (Reprinted with permission from reference . Copyright 1988, American Chemical Society.)

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
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Tables

Splicing of tRNA Precursors
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Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555818333.chap7.tab7-1
Table 1

List of yeast tRNA precursors containing introns

RNAs are identified by the unmodified sequence of their anticodons. ND = not determined.

10.1128/9781555818333/tab7-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818333/tab7-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 1

List of yeast tRNA precursors containing introns

RNAs are identified by the unmodified sequence of their anticodons. ND = not determined.

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7
/content/10.1128/9781555818333.chap7.tab7-2
Table 2

Yeast tRNA splicing components

NA = not applicable; ND = not determined.

10.1128/9781555818333/tab7-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818333/tab7-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2

Yeast tRNA splicing components

NA = not applicable; ND = not determined.

Citation: Westaway S, Abelson J. 1995. Splicing of tRNA Precursors, p 79-92. In tRNA. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818333.ch7

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