Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States

Daniel C. Rodrigue; Tanja Popovic; I. Kaye Wachsmuth

doi:10.1128/9781555818364.ch5

Chapter 5 : Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States

Authors: Daniel C. Rodrigue¹, Tanja Popovic², I. Kaye Wachsmuth²

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Affiliations: 1: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern California School of Medicine,Los Angeles, California 90033; 2: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 1994

Category: Clinical Microbiology; Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555818364

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555818364.ch5

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Abstract:

During the past two decades, strains of nontoxigenic (NT) Vibrio cholerae O1 have been isolated in several countries, including Bangladesh, Guam, Brazil, Peru, Japan, England, and the United States. This chapter summarizes the available epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical information on NT V. cholerae O1 isolates from humans in the United States received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 1977 and 1991. NT V. cholerae of O group 1 is biochemically and serologically indistinguishable from toxigenic V. cholerae O1, the cause of epidemic cholera, but does not produce cholera toxin (CT). The elevated levels of cyclic AMP in the mucosal cells of the small bowel cause a cascade that ultimately results in hypersecretion of chloride and bicarbonate into the intestinal lumen and hence a net osmotic efflux of water. NT V. cholerae O1 isolates were associated with a broad spectrum of illnesses. Symptoms recorded in medical records and epidemiologic reporting forms showed that 6 (43%) of 14 patients were hospitalized but that none died. Public health practitioners should regard NT V. cholerae O1 as a potential human pathogen but not as a pathogen with the same lethality and epidemic potential as toxigenic V. cholerae O1.

Citation: Rodrigue D, Popovic T, Wachsmuth I. 1994. Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States, p 69-76. In Wachsmuth I, Blake P, Olsvik Ø (ed), Vibrio cholerae and Cholera. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818364.ch5

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Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States

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Figure 1

Seasonal distribution and isolation sites of 14 NT V. cholerae O1 infections, United States, 1977 to 1991.

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Figure 1

Seasonal distribution and isolation sites of 14 NT V. cholerae O1 infections, United States, 1977 to 1991.

References

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Tables

Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Infections in the United States

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Table 1

Laboratory characteristics of 14 NT V. cholerae O1 isolates, United States, 1977 to 1991

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Table 1

Laboratory characteristics of 14 NT V. cholerae O1 isolates, United States, 1977 to 1991

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Table 2

Genotypic characteristics of NT V. cholerae O1 strains

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10.1128/9781555818364/tab5-2.gif

Table 2

Genotypic characteristics of NT V. cholerae O1 strains

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Table 3

Features of 14 patients from whom NT V. cholerae O1 was isolated, United States, 1977 to 1991

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Table 3

Features of 14 patients from whom NT V. cholerae O1 was isolated, United States, 1977 to 1991

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Table 4

Symptoms of 10 patients with NT V. cholerae O1 isolated from stool

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10.1128/9781555818364/tab5-4.gif

Table 4

Symptoms of 10 patients with NT V. cholerae O1 isolated from stool

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