The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle

Lars Hederstedt

doi:10.1128/9781555818388.ch13

Chapter 13 : The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle

Author: Lars Hederstedt¹

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Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, University of Lund, Sölvegatan 21, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 1993

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555818388

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch13

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Abstract:

The citric acid cycle (CAC) has several functions in aerobic bacteria. Together with the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHC), it completely oxidizes pyruvate and provides membrane-bound respiratory systems with reducing equivalents. An overview of the biochemistry and genetics of CAC enzymes in B. subtilis is presented in this chapter. B. subtilis, being a strict aerobe, runs a complete CAC, as is demonstrated by enzyme activity measurements with cell extracts or purified enzymes and by the ability of this bacterium to grow on most of the intermediates of the CAC as sole carbon source. 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (ODHC) belongs to the same family of enzymes as PDHC. Present knowledge of this enzyme, has been acquired from studies involving various B. subtilis mutants. The prosthetic groups of B. subtilis SQR and some of their properties are presented in this chapter. The occurrence of larger and smaller types of malate dehydrogenase seems not to be correlated with gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria as citrate synthase and succinate thiokinase are. Little information on the genetics of malate dehydrogenase in gram-positive bacteria is available, but B. subtilis mutants defective in this CAC enzyme have been isolated.

Citation: Hederstedt L. 1993. The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle, p 181-197. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), Bacillus subtilis and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch13

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The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle

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Figure 1

Krebs CAC with anaplerotic reactions. ACN, aconitase; CS, citrate synthase; FUM, fumarase; ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; MAL, malie enzyme; MDH, malate dehydro-genase; ODHC, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; PDHC, pyravate dehydrogenase complex; PYC, pyruvate carboxylase; SDH, succinate dehydrogenase (succinate:men-aquinone reductase); STK, succinate thiokinase.

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Figure 1

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Figure 2

Chromosomal localization of CAC genes in B. subtilis. See Table 1 for details and references.

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Figure 2

Chromosomal localization of CAC genes in B. subtilis. See Table 1 for details and references.

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Figure 3

Reaction sequences of the 2-oxo acid dehydroge-nase multienzyme complexes. Lip, lipoic acid; TPP, thiamine PPi; CoASH, free, reduced CoA; −SCoA, oxidized, covalently bound CoA; R, acyl group.

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Figure 3

Reaction sequences of the 2-oxo acid dehydroge-nase multienzyme complexes. Lip, lipoic acid; TPP, thiamine PPi; CoASH, free, reduced CoA; −SCoA, oxidized, covalently bound CoA; R, acyl group.

References

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Tables

The Krebs Citric Acid Cycle

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Table 1

Genes for CAC enzymes of B. subtilis

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Table 1

Genes for CAC enzymes of B. subtilis

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Table 2

Properties of PDHC from different organisms

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Table 2

Properties of PDHC from different organisms

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Table 3

Molecular data on succinate:quinone reductase from gram-positive bacteria compared with data for E. coli and mammalian cells a

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Table 3

Molecular data on succinate:quinone reductase from gram-positive bacteria compared with data for E. coli and mammalian cells a

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Table 4

Localization and characteristics of prosthetic groups of B. subtilis succinate:menaquinone reductase a

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Table 4

Localization and characteristics of prosthetic groups of B. subtilis succinate:menaquinone reductase a