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Chapter 50 : Two-Component Regulatory Systems

Authors: Tarek Msadek1, Frank Kunst1, Georges Rapoport1
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Affiliations: 1: Unité de Biochimie Microbienne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 1300, Institut Pasteur,, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 1993

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Abstract:

Originally characterized for nitrogen regulation (NtrB-NtrC), chemotaxis (CheA-CheY-CheB), osmoregulation (EnvZ-OmpR), and regulation of phosphate uptake (PhoR-PhoB) in and , the family of two-component systems has rapidly expanded, and new examples continue to emerge. More than 30 of these regulatory pairs have been identified in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria; they control functions ranging from virulence gene expression in (VirA-VirG), (PhoQ-PhoP), and (BvgSBvgA) to complex developmental pathways such as sporulation (SpoIIJ-SpoOF-SpoOA) and competence for transformation by exogenous DNA (ComP-ComA and DegS-DegU) in . These pairs are the focus of this chapter. Sequence similarities to other two-component systems suggest the conserved His-189 residue of the DegS protein kinase and Asp-56 residue of the DegU response regulator as likely candidates for the respective phosphorylation sites of the two proteins. A large number of proteins belonging to the histidine protein kinase-response regulator family have been characterized in gram-positive bacteria. It appears that a considerable amount of overlap exists between the different systems controlling postexponential-phase responses in . Thus, DegS-DegU, ComP-ComA, and SpoOA are all involved in controlling competence gene expression, and the SpoOA phosphorelay and DegS-DegU both control protease gene expression.

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Two-Component Regulatory Systems
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Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
/content/10.1128/9781555818388.chap50.fig50-1
Figure 1

Alignment of conserved regions within the carboxy-terminal domains of histidine protein kinases from gram-positive bacteria. Multiple protein sequence alignments were carried out by using the CLUSTAL V program ( ). Protein sequences are from the references in Table 1 . Homologous residues are indicated by black boxes, stars indicate invariant residues, and numbers indicate positions in the amino acid sequences of the respective proteins. Accepted conservative substitutions are as follows: I, L, V, and M; K and R; S and T; D and E; F and Y; N and Q; G and A.

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Figure 1

Alignment of conserved regions within the carboxy-terminal domains of histidine protein kinases from gram-positive bacteria. Multiple protein sequence alignments were carried out by using the CLUSTAL V program ( ). Protein sequences are from the references in Table 1 . Homologous residues are indicated by black boxes, stars indicate invariant residues, and numbers indicate positions in the amino acid sequences of the respective proteins. Accepted conservative substitutions are as follows: I, L, V, and M; K and R; S and T; D and E; F and Y; N and Q; G and A.

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Figure 3

Conserved carboxy-terminal domains of response regulators from gram-positive bacteria. Numbers correspond to positions in the respective amino acid sequences. References for the response regulators from gram-positive bacteria are listed in Table 1 . Comparisons were carried out as indicated in the legend to Fig. 1 . (A) Alignment of the OmpR-PhoP subfamily with OmpR of ( ) and ToxR of ( ). (B) Alignment of the UhpA-DegU subfamily with the regulatory proteins RcsA and MalT of . ( ); RmpA of ( ); LasR and AgmR of . ( ); LuxR of ( ); BrpA of S. ( ); and GerE ( ) and sigma factors σ(46), σ ( ), and σ ( ) of A potential DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif within this region is underlined.

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Figure 3

Conserved carboxy-terminal domains of response regulators from gram-positive bacteria. Numbers correspond to positions in the respective amino acid sequences. References for the response regulators from gram-positive bacteria are listed in Table 1 . Comparisons were carried out as indicated in the legend to Fig. 1 . (A) Alignment of the OmpR-PhoP subfamily with OmpR of ( ) and ToxR of ( ). (B) Alignment of the UhpA-DegU subfamily with the regulatory proteins RcsA and MalT of . ( ); RmpA of ( ); LasR and AgmR of . ( ); LuxR of ( ); BrpA of S. ( ); and GerE ( ) and sigma factors σ(46), σ ( ), and σ ( ) of A potential DNA-binding helix-turn-helix motif within this region is underlined.

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Figure 4

Regulation of competence gene expression in Arrows indicate positive regulation, and perpendicular bars indicate negative regulation. The ComP-ComA and DegS-DegU two-component systems form two parallel pathways controlling competence gene expression ( ).

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Image of Figure 4
Figure 4

Regulation of competence gene expression in Arrows indicate positive regulation, and perpendicular bars indicate negative regulation. The ComP-ComA and DegS-DegU two-component systems form two parallel pathways controlling competence gene expression ( ).

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Figure 5

Pleiotropic regulation by the DegS-DegU signal transduction pathway controlling degradative enzyme synthesis and competence gene expression in Arrows indicate positive regulation, and perpendicular bars indicate negative regulation. Regulation by DegS-DegU, DegQ, and DegR may be indirect.

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10.1128/9781555818388/fig50-5.gif
Image of Figure 5
Figure 5

Pleiotropic regulation by the DegS-DegU signal transduction pathway controlling degradative enzyme synthesis and competence gene expression in Arrows indicate positive regulation, and perpendicular bars indicate negative regulation. Regulation by DegS-DegU, DegQ, and DegR may be indirect.

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Figure 2

Alignment of the conserved amino-terminal domains of response regulators from gram-positive bacteria. References for protein sequences are listed in Table 1 . Numbers correspond to positions in the respective amino acid sequences. Comparisons were carried out as indicated in the legend to Fig. 1 .

10.1128/9781555818388/fig50-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818388/fig50-2.gif
Image of Figure 2
Figure 2

Alignment of the conserved amino-terminal domains of response regulators from gram-positive bacteria. References for protein sequences are listed in Table 1 . Numbers correspond to positions in the respective amino acid sequences. Comparisons were carried out as indicated in the legend to Fig. 1 .

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
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Tables

Two-Component Regulatory Systems
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Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
/content/10.1128/9781555818388.chap50.tab50-1
Table 1

Two-component regulatory pairs of gram-positive bacteria

10.1128/9781555818388/tab50-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818388/tab50-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 1

Two-component regulatory pairs of gram-positive bacteria

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50
/content/10.1128/9781555818388.chap50.tab50-2
Table 2

Mutations in and genes and associated phenotypes

10.1128/9781555818388/tab50-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818388/tab50-2.gif
Generic image for table
Table 2

Mutations in and genes and associated phenotypes

Citation: Msadek T, Kunst F, Rapoport G. 1993. Two-Component Regulatory Systems, p 729-745. In Sonenshein A, Hoch J, Losick R (ed), and Other Gram-Positive Bacteria. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818388.ch50

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