Regulation of Bacterial Transcription by Anti-σ Factors

Elizabeth A. Campbell; Seth A. Darst

doi:10.1128/9781555818395.ch1

Chapter 1 : Regulation of Bacterial Transcription by Anti-σ Factors

Authors: Elizabeth A. Campbell¹, Seth A. Darst²

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Affiliations: 1: The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 224, New York, NY 10021; 2: The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 224, New York, NY 10021

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2005

Category: Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology; Bacterial Pathogenesis

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555818395

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555818395.ch1

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Abstract:

In bacteria, gene expression is regulated primarily at the step of transcription initiation. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP), the central enzyme of transcription, comprises an evolutionarily conserved, 400-kDa catalytic core of five subunits (a2β β'ω). The transcription cycle begins when the σ factor associates with core RNAP to form the holoenzyme, which then locates promoters through sequence-specific interactions between elements of σ and the promoter DNA. The studies described in this chapter were performed with group 1, or primary, σ factors, which transcribe genes necessary for exponential growth under favorable conditions. The chapter focuses on cognate anti-σ/σ pairs for which structural studies have provided insights into function and regulation. A signal transduction pathway involving ECF σ factors related to Escherichia coli σE plays an important role in pathogenesis in some organisms. The evolution of structurally and functionally diverse anti-σ factors provide much more flexibility for the regulation of transcription initiation. Thus, the authors propose that the functional and structural diversity of anti-σ factors reflects the need for bacteria to relay a wide variety of environmental cues to the core transcriptional apparatus via regulation of the structurally conserved σ factors.

Citation: Campbell E, Darst S. 2005. Regulation of Bacterial Transcription by Anti-σ Factors, p 1-16. In Waksman G, Caparon M, Hultgren S (ed), Structural Biology of Bacterial Pathogenesis. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818395.ch1

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