1887

Chapter 4 : : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry

Authors: D. E. Low1, E. Liu1, J. Fuller1, A. McGeer1
VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology. Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5
Content Type: Monograph
Publication Year: 1999

Category: Clinical Microbiology

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

: an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555818418/9781555811686_Chap04-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555818418/9781555811686_Chap04-2.gif

Abstract:

The aquaculture industry, which is increasingly being developed, has not yet been recognized to result in significant human disease. Aquaculture in North America involves diverse farming systems in diverse areas. The criticisms concern contamination of the environment by aquaculture systems through unwanted obstructions to coastal navigation, unsightly cages or pens, aquaculture effluents such as excess food and chemotherapeutics, and the use of nonnative species or native species that are either domesticated or genetically different from wild stocks. The level of contamination of aquaculture products with pathogenic bacteria depends on the environment and the bacteriological quality of the water where the fish are cultured. It should be noted that nonindigenous bacteria of fecal origin could be introduced into aquaculture ponds via contamination by birds and wild animals associated with farm waters. has also been reported to be the causative agent of ongoing infection and excess mortality of tilapia in Texas aquaculture farms. Overcrowding in farms and during transport may have contributed to the increasing importance of streptococcal infections in fish. Finally, although commonly colonized the surfaces of tilapia and other species of fish, isolates are genetically diverse. Although is capable of causing invasive disease in humans, serious disease appears to be rare, and if people take the proper precautionary measures when handling whole, uncooked fish, infections caused by can be prevented.

Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4

Key Concept Ranking

Sin nombre virus
0.47721362
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
0.42259854
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
0.42259854
Rheumatic Heart Disease
0.42259854
Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis
0.42259854
0.47721362
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Figures

Streptococcus iniae: an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-1,properties={foaf_givenname=D. E., foaf_name=D. E. Low, foaf_surname=Low, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-2,properties={foaf_givenname=E., foaf_name=E. Liu, foaf_surname=Liu, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-3,properties={foaf_givenname=J., foaf_name=J. Fuller, foaf_surname=Fuller, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-4,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-4,properties={foaf_givenname=A., foaf_name=A. McGeer, foaf_surname=McGeer, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}]]
Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4
/content/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4.fig4-1
Figure 1

Tilapia ( species), also known as St. Peter's fish or Hawaiian sunfish.

10.1128/9781555818418/fig4-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818418/fig4-1.gif
Image of Figure 1
Figure 1

Tilapia ( species), also known as St. Peter's fish or Hawaiian sunfish.

Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4.fig4-2
Figure 2

PFGE analysis of strains after digestion of chromosomal DNA with I Lane 8, pattern A seen for all isolates from patients in the greater Toronto area with clinical cases of infection; Lanes 5 (tilapia brain, Texas, 1993), 6 (patient 11, Texas, 1991), and 7 (patient 10, Ottawa, 1994) have a single band shift (pattern A′). Lane 4, sample from a fish from a Toronto retail store with pattern A. Lanes 1 (ATCC 29177), 2 (ATCC 29178), and 3 ( from a Toronto retail store) all have unrelated PFGE patterns. Lane 9, bacteriophage lambda ladder molecular size standard. (Reprinted from reference 38 with permission from M. Weinstein and the .)

10.1128/9781555818418/fig4-2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818418/fig4-2.gif
Image of Figure 2
Figure 2

PFGE analysis of strains after digestion of chromosomal DNA with I Lane 8, pattern A seen for all isolates from patients in the greater Toronto area with clinical cases of infection; Lanes 5 (tilapia brain, Texas, 1993), 6 (patient 11, Texas, 1991), and 7 (patient 10, Ottawa, 1994) have a single band shift (pattern A′). Lane 4, sample from a fish from a Toronto retail store with pattern A. Lanes 1 (ATCC 29177), 2 (ATCC 29178), and 3 ( from a Toronto retail store) all have unrelated PFGE patterns. Lane 9, bacteriophage lambda ladder molecular size standard. (Reprinted from reference 38 with permission from M. Weinstein and the .)

Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4
1. Ahmed, F. E. 1991. Seafood Safety, National Academy Press, Washington. D.C..
2.Anonymous. 1996. Invasive infection due to Streptococcus iniae—Ontario, 1995-1996. Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. 45: 650– 653.
3. Baird-Parker, A. C. 1994. 1993 Fred Griffith Review Lecture. Foods and microbiological risks. Microbiology 140: 687– 695.
4. Berridge, B. R.,, J. D. Fuller,, J. C. de Azavedo,, D. E. Low,, H. Bercovier,, and P. F. Frelier. 1998. Development of specific nested oligonucleotide PCR primers for the Streptococcus iniae 165-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 2778– 2781.
5. Childs. J.,, R. E. Shope,, D. Fish,, F. X. Meslin,, C. J. Peters,, K. Johnson,, E. Debess,, D. Dennis,, and S. Jenkins. 1998. Emerging zoonoses. Emerg. Infect. Dis 4: 453– 454.
6. Durack, D. T.,, A. S. Lukes,, and D. K. Bright. 1994. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Am. J. Med. 96: 200– 209.
7. Eldar, A.,, Y. Bejerano,, and H. Bercovier. 1994. Streptococcus shiloi and Streptococcus difficile: two new streptococcal species causing a meningoencephalitis in fish. Curr. Microbiol. 28: 139– 143.
8. Eldar, A.,, Y. Bejerano,, A. Livoff,, A. Horovitcz,, and H. Bercovier. 1995. Experimental streptococcal meningo-encephalitis in cultured fish. Vet. Microbiol. 43: 33– 40.
9. Eldar, A.,, P. F. Frelier,. L. Assenta,, P. W. Varner,, S. Lawhon,, and H. Bercovier. 1995. Streptococcus shiloi, the name for an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45: 840– 842.
10. Goh, S. H.,, D. Driedger,, S. Gillett,, D. E. Low,, S. M. Hemmingsen,, M. Amos,, D. Chan,, M. Lovgren,, B. M. Willey,, C. Shaw,, and J. A. Smith. 1998. Streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen: specific identification by the chaperonin 60 gene identification method. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 2164– 2166.
11. Hackney, C. R.,, and M. D. Pierson. 1994. Environmental Indicators and Shellfish Safety. p. 523. Chapman & Hall, New York. N.Y..
12. Hook, E. W.,, T. M. Hooton,, C. A. Horton,, M. B. Coyle,, P. G. Ramsey,, and M. Turck. 1986. Microbiologic evaluation of cutaneous cellulitis in adults. Arch. Intern. Med. 146: 295– 297.
13. Huss, H. H. 1994. Assurance of Seafood Quality. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 334. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
14. Kaige, N.,, T. Miyazaki,, and S. Kubota. 1984. The pathogen and histopathology of vertebral deformity in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Fish Pathol. 19: 173– 180.
15. Kitao, T.,, T. Aoki,, and R. Sakoh. 1981. Epizootic caused by β-haemolytic Streptococcus species in cultured freshwater fish. Fish Pathol. 15: 301– 307.
16. Kusuda, R. 1992, Bacterial fish diseases in mariculture in Japan with special emphasis on streptococcosis. Isr. J. Aquacult. 44: 140.
17. Kusuda, R.,, K. Kawai,, F. Salati,, C. R. Banner,. and J. L. Fryer. 1991. Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41: 406– 409.
18. Lee, P. C.,, J. Turnidge,, and P. J. McDonald. 1985. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy in diagnosis of soft tissue infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22: 80– 83.
19. Liu, E. T. H.,, C. D'Cunha,, B. Yaffe,, C. Ostach,, J. Urquhuart,, K. Gorman,, W. Lee,, J. Ying,, L. Landry,, M. Armstrong-Evans,, The Fish Team, D. E. Low,, and A. McGeer. 1998. Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus iniae infections—results of a survey of fish buying and handling in the greater Toronto area. In. Abstracts of the 66th Conjoint Meeting on Infectious Diseases.
20. Morse. S. S. 1995. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg. Infect. Dis 1: 7– 15.
21. Murphy, F. A. 1998. Emerging zoonoses. Emerg. Infect. Dis 4: 429– 435.
22. Musser, J. M. 1996. Molecular population genetic analysis of emerged bacterial pathogens: selected insights. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2: 1– 17.
23. Perera, R. P.,, S. K. Johnson,, M. D. Collins,, and D. H. Lewis. 1994. Streptococcus iniae associated with mortality of Tilapia nilotica × T. aurea hybrids. J. Aquat. Anim. Health 6: 335– 340.
24. Pier. G. B.,, and S. H. Madin. 1976. Streptococcus iniae sp. nov., a beta-hemolytic streptococcus isolated from an Amazon freshwater dolphin, Inia geoffrensis. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26: 545– 553.
25. Pier, G. B.,, S. H. Madin,, and S. Al-Nakeeb. 1978. Isolation and characterization of a second isolate of Streptococcus iniae, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 28: 311– 314.
26. Pillay. T. V. R. 1993. Aquaculture Principles and Practices, p. 360– 376. Fishing News Books, Oxford. United Kingdom.
27. Press, N.,, E. Bryce,, and G. Stiver. 1998. Strain characteristics of Streptococcus iniae isolated from tilapia species in Vancouver, British Columbia. Can. Commun. Dis Rep. 24: 181– l82.
28. Rana, K.,, and A. Immink. 1997. Trends in global aquaculture production: 1984-1996. Report FIRE/C886. Anonymous Review of the State of World Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
29. Rana, K. J. 1997. Aquatic environment and use of species groups. Report FIRI/C886. Anonymous Review of the State of World Aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
30. Reilly, P. J. A.,, P. Howgate,, and F. Kaferstein,. 1997. Safety hazards and the application of the hazard analysis critical control point system (HACCP) in aquaculture. p. 353– 373. In R. E. Martin,, R. L. Collette,, and J. W. Slavi (ed.). Fish Inspection Quality Control and HACCP: A Global Focus. Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster. United Kingdom.
31. Robinson, J. A.,, and F. P. Meyer. 1966, Streptococcal fish pathogen. J. Bacteriol. 92: 512.
32. Ruoff, K. L., 1995. Streptococcus, p. 299– 307. In P. R. Murray,, E. J. Baron,, M. A. Pfaller,, F. C. Tenover,, and R. H. Yolken (cd.), Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 6th ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C..
33. Stiassny, M. L.,, and A. Meyer. 1999. Cichlids of the Rift Lakes. Sci. Am. 280: 64– 69.
34. Teixeira, L. M.,, V. L. C. Merquior,, M. D. C. E. Vianni,, M. D. G. S. Carvalho,, S. E. L. Fracalanzza,, A. G. Steigerwalt,, D. J. Brenner,, and R. R. Facklam. 1996. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of atypical Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from water buffalos with subclinical mastitis and confirmation of L. garvieae as a senior subjective synonym of Enterococcus seriolicida. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46: 664– 668.
35. Vandamme, P.,, P. A. Vevriese,, B. Pot,, K. Kersters,, and P. Melin. 1997. Streptococcus difficile is a nonhemolytic group B, type Ib streptococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 81– 85.
36. Vidaver, A. 1996. Emerging and remerging infectious diseases: perspective on plants, animals and humans. ASM News 62: 583– 585.
37. Weinstein, M.,, D. Low,, A, McGeer,, B. Willey,, D. Rose,, M. Coulter,, P. Wyper,, A. Borczyk,, M. Lovgren,, and R. Facklam. 1996. Invasive infection due to Streptococcus iniae: a new or previously unrecognized disease—Ontario, 1995-1996. Can. Commun. Dis Rep. 22: 129– 131.
38. Weinstein, M. R.,, M. Litt,, D. A. Kertesz,, P. Wyper,. D. Rose,, M. Coulter,, A. McGeer,, R. Facklam,, C. Ostach,, B. M. Willey,, A. Borczyk,, D. E. Low, and The Investigation Team. 1997. Invasive infections due to a fish pathogen: Streptococcus iniae. N. Engl. J. Med. 337: 589– 594.
39. World Health Organization. 1995. Control of Food-Borne Trematode Infections. R eport of a WHO Study Group, Manila, Philippines. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Tables

Streptococcus iniae: an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-1,properties={foaf_givenname=D. E., foaf_name=D. E. Low, foaf_surname=Low, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-2,properties={foaf_givenname=E., foaf_name=E. Liu, foaf_surname=Liu, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-3,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-3,properties={foaf_givenname=J., foaf_name=J. Fuller, foaf_surname=Fuller, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-4,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-4,properties={foaf_givenname=A., foaf_name=A. McGeer, foaf_surname=McGeer, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4-aff1]]}]]
Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4
/content/10.1128/9781555818418.chap4.tab4-1
Table 1

Demographic characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed cases of invasive infection

10.1128/9781555818418/tab4-1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818418/tab4-1.gif
Generic image for table
Table 1

Demographic characteristics of patients with culture-confirmed cases of invasive infection

Citation: Low D, Liu E, Fuller J, McGeer A. 1999. : an Emerging Pathogen in the Aquaculture Industry, p 53-66. In Scheld W, Craig W, Hughes J (ed), Emerging Infections 3. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818418.ch4

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error