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Chapter 30 : Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds

Authors: P. Michael Davidson1, T. Matthew Taylor2, Shannon E. Schmidt3
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4591; 2: Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471; 3: Pecan Deluxe Candy Company, Dallas, TX 75212-6308
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2013

Category: Food Microbiology; Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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Abstract:

This chapter talks about antimicrobial compounds that are divided into two classes: traditional and naturally occurring. Antimicrobials are classified as traditional when they (i) have been used for many years, (ii) are approved by many countries for inclusion as antimicrobials in foods, or (iii) are produced by synthetic processes. Next, the chapter discusses the factors affecting activity and traditional antimicrobials and ester derivatives of some weak organic acids. Many fatty acid esters exhibit antimicrobial activity in foods, with glycerol monolaurate being one of the most effective. Traditional antimicrobials and natural food antimicrobials are important tools for preserving food from microbiological spoilage and the growth of pathogens. Despite the extensive research already completed on the sources of antimicrobials, their spectra of activity, and the levels required for successful inhibition of foodborne bacteria and fungi, more research is still needed to better elucidate the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of many of the chemicals discussed in the chapter. In addition to validating the activity and elucidating the mechanistic features of antimicrobials, they will have to be proven toxicologically safe. Demonstrating the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds in food products at concentrations that do not have adverse sensory effects, as well as controlling the cost of these interventions, are likely the greatest hurdles to their future application.

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds
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Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
/content/10.1128/9781555818463.chap30.fig30-1
Figure 30.1

Fate of an organic acid (RCOOH) in a low-pH environment in the presence of a microbial cell. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f1

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Image of Figure 30.1
Figure 30.1

Fate of an organic acid (RCOOH) in a low-pH environment in the presence of a microbial cell. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f1

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Figure 30.2

Organic acids used as antimicrobial food preservatives. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f2

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Figure 30.2

Organic acids used as antimicrobial food preservatives. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f2

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Figure 30.3

DMDC. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f3

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Figure 30.3

DMDC. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f3

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Figure 30.4

Alkyl esters of -hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f4

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Image of Figure 30.4
Figure 30.4

Alkyl esters of -hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f4

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Figure 30.5

Examples of antimicrobial compounds in spice essential oils. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f5

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Image of Figure 30.5
Figure 30.5

Examples of antimicrobial compounds in spice essential oils. doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f5

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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Figure 30.6

Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate; thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid-5-allyl ester). doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f6

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10.1128/9781555818463/fig30-6.gif
Image of Figure 30.6
Figure 30.6

Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate; thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid-5-allyl ester). doi:10.1128/9781555818463.ch30f6

Citation: Davidson P, Taylor T, Schmidt S. 2013. Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds, p 765-801. In Doyle M, Buchanan R (ed), Food Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818463.ch30
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