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Category: Immunology
Detection of Antimitochondrial Autoantibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis and Liver Kidney Microsomal Antibodies in Autoimmune Hepatitis, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555818722/9781555818715_CH101-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555818722/9781555818715_CH101-2.gifAbstract:
The immunodetection of autoantibodies in autoimmune liver disease has been technically difficult because of the following: (i) serum autoantibodies from these patients usually react to a broad spectrum of antigens; (ii) some of these autoantibodies may have low titers; (iii) the biochemical nature of these autoantigens is unknown; and (iv) many autoantigens have low concentrations, and their biochemical purification often requires sophisticated procedures. The development and application of immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques have provided new approaches to the study of autoimmune diseases and, in particular, the immunological detection of autoantigens. This is exemplified by two autoimmune diseases of the liver, namely, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This chapter focuses on the detection of antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) in PBC and the detection of liver kidney microsomal (LKM) antibodies in AIH.
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Detection of AMA by IF on HEp-2 cells. Note the characteristic mitochondrial staining pattern by PBC sera.
Detection of AMA by IF on HEp-2 cells. Note the characteristic mitochondrial staining pattern by PBC sera.
Reactivities of PBC sera with bovine heart mitochondria. Bovine heart mitochondria were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a nitrocellulose filter, and tested for reactivity with PBC sera (lanes A to F). Note the different patterns of AMA reactivities from various patients with PBC to the 70-kDa pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 subunit, the 52-kDa branched-chain 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase E2 subunit, the 48-kDa 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase E2 subunit, and the 41-kDa pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit.
Reactivities of PBC sera with bovine heart mitochondria. Bovine heart mitochondria were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred to a nitrocellulose filter, and tested for reactivity with PBC sera (lanes A to F). Note the different patterns of AMA reactivities from various patients with PBC to the 70-kDa pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 subunit, the 52-kDa branched-chain 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase E2 subunit, the 48-kDa 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase E2 subunit, and the 41-kDa pyruvate dehydrogenase E1alpha subunit.
Detection of LKM antibodies and AMA by IF on cryostat rat liver and kidney sections. (A) Staining of liver lobule by LKM-1 antibodies. (B) Staining of proximal renal tubules by LKM-1 antibodies.
Detection of LKM antibodies and AMA by IF on cryostat rat liver and kidney sections. (A) Staining of liver lobule by LKM-1 antibodies. (B) Staining of proximal renal tubules by LKM-1 antibodies.
Summary of 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase mitochondrial antigens in PBC
Summary of 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase mitochondrial antigens in PBC
Clinical characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis
Clinical characteristics of primary biliary cholangitis
Diagnostic criteria for AIH a
Heterogeneity of microsomal antigens
Heterogeneity of microsomal antigens