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Chapter 3.2.7 : Airborne Viruses

Authors: Syed A. Sattar1, Nitin Bhardwaj2, M. Khalid Ijaz3
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Affiliations: 1: Deptartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; 2: Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada (AMRIC), 41 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada; 3: R&D, Surface Care and Germ Protection, Reckitt Benckiser, One Philips Parkway, Montvale, NJ 07645, USA
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2016

Category: Environmental Microbiology

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Abstract:

Particles containing infectious human or animal viruses can contaminate air indoors or outdoors. The survival of such airborne viruses is influence by a variety of physical and chemical factors, important among these being temperature and relative humidity. Air currents outdoors can carry surviving viruses over several kilometers and such windborne spread is believed have resulted in outbreaks of animal diseases. Movements of air indoors can also transport viruses within houses and buildings. Indoor air can be decontaminated by filtering out viruses or by inactivating them with chemicals or physical agents such as ultraviolet inrradiation. Recent years have seen a revival of interest in airborne viruses in delivering vaccines, biothreat agents, and to better understand and prevent the spread of emerging/reemerging infections such as influenza.

Citation: Sattar S, Bhardwaj N, Ijaz M. 2016. Airborne Viruses, p 3.2.7-1-3.2.7-24. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7
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Airborne Viruses
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Citation: Sattar S, Bhardwaj N, Ijaz M. 2016. Airborne Viruses, p 3.2.7-1-3.2.7-24. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7
/content/10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.ch06fig01
FIGURE 1

Direct or indirect exposure of susceptible hosts to aerosolized viruses. doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f1

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Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Direct or indirect exposure of susceptible hosts to aerosolized viruses. doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f1

Citation: Sattar S, Bhardwaj N, Ijaz M. 2016. Airborne Viruses, p 3.2.7-1-3.2.7-24. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7
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FIGURE 2

Scanning electron micrograph of an aerosol particle attached to a strand of spider web. Bar = 0.5 µm. (Reproduced with permission from Dr. B. Kournikakis of the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Alberta, Canada.). doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f2

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10.1128/9781555818821/2934ch06f02.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Scanning electron micrograph of an aerosol particle attached to a strand of spider web. Bar = 0.5 µm. (Reproduced with permission from Dr. B. Kournikakis of the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Alberta, Canada.). doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f2

Citation: Sattar S, Bhardwaj N, Ijaz M. 2016. Airborne Viruses, p 3.2.7-1-3.2.7-24. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7
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/content/10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.ch06fig03
FIGURE 3

Biological decay of NDV captured on a spider web and held under sunlight (a) and under cloudy conditions (b). Control samples were held in the dark. (Reproduced with permission from Dr. B. Kournikakis of the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Alberta, Canada.) Expon. = The rate of loss in the viability of the virus. doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f3

10.1128/9781555818821/2934ch06f03_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555818821/2934ch06f03.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

Biological decay of NDV captured on a spider web and held under sunlight (a) and under cloudy conditions (b). Control samples were held in the dark. (Reproduced with permission from Dr. B. Kournikakis of the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Alberta, Canada.) Expon. = The rate of loss in the viability of the virus. doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7.f3

Citation: Sattar S, Bhardwaj N, Ijaz M. 2016. Airborne Viruses, p 3.2.7-1-3.2.7-24. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.7
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