Aerobiology of Agricultural Pathogens

Estelle Levetin

doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8

Chapter 3.2.8 : Aerobiology of Agricultural Pathogens

Author: Estelle Levetin¹

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Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Biological Science, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA

Content Type: Reference

Publication Year: 2016

Category: Environmental Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555818821

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8

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Abstract:

Crop plants are subject to diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, and fungi. For many pathogens the aerobiological pathway is important in disease transmission.

Airborne fungal spores and other disease propagules are frequently present in the atmosphere and pose a constant threat to crops as well as plants in the natural environment. This chapter reviews mechanisms of pathogen dispersal with the focus on wind and rain splash and also discusses both local and long distance transport. Various examples of pathogens from the groups above are described with details on the dispersal phase as well as disease forecasting and aspects of control. For many plant diseases, forecasting models are valuable tools alerting the grower regarding the likelihood of disease spread and when to apply control measures. Development of forecasting models requires an understanding of all stages of dispersal from spore takeoff to transport to deposition within the crop. Knowledge of the influence of meteorological conditions on spore development and the ability of spores to survive long-distance transport are also needed for accurately modeling disease spread. In addition to descriptions of well known plant pathogens, several emerging plant diseases are described along with the potential use of plant pathogens in anti-crop biological warfare

Citation: Levetin E. 2016. Aerobiology of Agricultural Pathogens, p 3.2.8-1-3.2.8-20. In Yates M, Nakatsu C, Miller R, Pillai S (ed), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8

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Aerobiology of Agricultural Pathogens

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FIGURE 1

Global spread of soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Map supplied by Annalisa Ariatti, Dept. of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802. doi:10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8.f1

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FIGURE 1

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Tables

Aerobiology of Agricultural Pathogens

/content/10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8.ch13tab01

TABLE 1

Major oomycete and fungal pathogens with aerobiological dispersal

TABLE 1

Major oomycete and fungal pathogens with aerobiological dispersal

/content/10.1128/9781555818821.ch3.2.8.ch13tab02

TABLE 2

Examples of online plant disease forecasting systems

TABLE 2

Examples of online plant disease forecasting systems