Human Papillomavirus

Eileen M. Burd; Christina L. Dean

doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0001-2015

Chapter 8 : Human Papillomavirus

Authors: Eileen M. Burd¹, Christina L. Dean³

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Affiliations: 1: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; 2: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA 30322; 3: Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2016

Category: Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555819040

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0001-2015

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Human Papillomavirus, Page 1 of 2

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Abstract:

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a member of the Papillomaviridae family, is a small (8kb), nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA virus. HPV has a predilection for infecting cutaneous and mucosal epithelial cells ( 1 ). Infection with HPV is associated with a wide range of pathology. HPV is the etiological factor in benign cutaneous warts and juvenile respiratory papillomatosis, as well as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), a precursor to cancer, and invasive carcinoma ( 2 ). Harald zur Hausen, a German virologist, was the first to describe the association of HPV and cervical cancer in the 1970s ( 3 , 4 ). It is now understood that HPV is necessary in the development of cervical cancer and is also associated with carcinoma of the vulva, vagina, penis, anus, and oropharynx ( 5 , 6 ).

Citation: Burd E, Dean C. 2016. Human Papillomavirus, p 177-195. In Hayden R, Wolk D, Carroll K, Tang Y (ed), Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host, Second Edition
. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0001-2015

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Human Papillomavirus

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Figure 1

Algorithm for diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

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Figure 1

Algorithm for diagnosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

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Figure 2

Algorithm for screening and diagnosis of anal cancer in high-risk groups. There are currently no formal recommendations for routine anal cancer screening in the United States.

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Figure 2

Algorithm for screening and diagnosis of anal cancer in high-risk groups. There are currently no formal recommendations for routine anal cancer screening in the United States.

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Figure 3

Algorithm for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer in immunosuppressed women. For HIV-infected women ( 90 ), screen at 6 months, 12 months, then annually; consider screening within 1 year of onset of sexual activity ( 92 ); some experts would recommend continued cytology screening every 6 months in women with CD4 counts less than 200/mm3 or a history of HPV infection. For immunosuppressed women without HIV, annual cervical cytology screening is recommended ( 90 ).

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Figure 3

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Tables

Human Papillomavirus

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Table 1

Cytological and histological classification of anal dysplasia and cervical dysplasia a

Table 1

Cytological and histological classification of anal dysplasia and cervical dysplasia a

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Table 2

Cervical cancer screening guidelines

Table 2

Cervical cancer screening guidelines

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Table 3

Role for HPV testing in HIV-infected women a ( 119 )

Table 3

Role for HPV testing in HIV-infected women a ( 119 )