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Antibiotic Resistance via Membrane Efflux Pumps, Page 1 of 2
< Previous page Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819316/9781555819316_ch11-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819316/9781555819316_ch11-2.gifAbstract:
As noted in Fig. 9.1 and 9.2, a significant route for bacterial resistance to many classes of antibiotics is by active pumping of the drugs out of bacterial cytoplasm and membrane spaces (Van Bambeke et al., 2000, 2003; Webber and Piddock, 2003; Fernandez and Hancock, 2012; Blair et al., 2015). These pumps can be clinically relevant for β-lactams, macrolides, the Synercid components, fluoroquinolones, and, famously, the tetracycline antibiotics (Neyfakh et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1996; Schnappinger and Hillen, 1996; Piddock et al., 2002; Pumbwe and Piddock, 2002; Godreiul et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2003; Piddock, 2006a, b). Efflux pumps are of major consequence in Gram-negative pathogens and are one set of factors that contribute to their higher intrinsic resistance levels compared with Gram-positive bacteria (Nikaido, 1996).