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Chapter 10 : Viral Disease of the Eye

Author: Howard M. Newman1
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Affiliations: 1: National Health Laboratory Service, Ibhayi region, Eastern Cape, South Africa and Stellenbosch University, Department of Pathology, Medical Virology, Mount Croix, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2017

Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

The eye is a fascinating organ not only because of its complex anatomy but also because it is a partly immunologically privileged site, which protects itself from potentially destructive systemic immune responses. This characteristic, however, may hinder defense against infectious agents, including numerous viruses, which may manifest with a variety of ocular diseases (Table 1). The first part of this chapter discusses ocular anatomy and physiology, as well as the principle clinical syndromes, which are usually classified according to the affected anatomic structures. The latter part discusses the major viral ocular pathogens and highlights selected risk groups, such as infants and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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Viral Disease of the Eye
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Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10fig1
FIGURE 1

Anatomy of the eye. Courtesy of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.

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Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Anatomy of the eye. Courtesy of the National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA.

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 2

HIV retinopathy with cotton wool spots. Courtesy Retinal Gallery and S Cohen (http://retinagallery.com/displayimage.php?pid=3301).

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10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

HIV retinopathy with cotton wool spots. Courtesy Retinal Gallery and S Cohen (http://retinagallery.com/displayimage.php?pid=3301).

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 3

Herpes simplex virus keratitis with dendritic ulcer, visible after fluorescein staining.

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Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

Herpes simplex virus keratitis with dendritic ulcer, visible after fluorescein staining.

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 4

Herpes simplex virus keratitis with geographical ulcer. Courtesy of Hee K. Yang, Young K. Han, Won R. Wee, Jin H. Lee, and Ji W. Kwon; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/328/figure/F1).

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10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig4.gif
Image of FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4

Herpes simplex virus keratitis with geographical ulcer. Courtesy of Hee K. Yang, Young K. Han, Won R. Wee, Jin H. Lee, and Ji W. Kwon; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/5/1/328/figure/F1).

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 5

Cytomegalovirus retinitis with retinal haemorrhages and exudates. Courtesy Retinal Gallery and Don Gass (http://retinagallery.com/displayimage.php?pid=3989).

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10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig5.gif
Image of FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5

Cytomegalovirus retinitis with retinal haemorrhages and exudates. Courtesy Retinal Gallery and Don Gass (http://retinagallery.com/displayimage.php?pid=3989).

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 6

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Courtesy of William Charles Caccamise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa. Note the dermatomal distribution of the lesion and scar of Hutchinson's sign at the tip of the nose which may precede the development of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

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10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig6.gif
Image of FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Courtesy of William Charles Caccamise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa. Note the dermatomal distribution of the lesion and scar of Hutchinson's sign at the tip of the nose which may precede the development of herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 7

Courtesy of William Charles Caccamise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig7_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig7.gif
Image of FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7

Courtesy of William Charles Caccamise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa.

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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FIGURE 8

Eyelid molluscum contagiosum with typical umbillicated lesion. Courtesy Jesse Vislise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig8_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch10fig8.gif
Image of FIGURE 8
FIGURE 8

Eyelid molluscum contagiosum with typical umbillicated lesion. Courtesy Jesse Vislise and Ophthalmic Atlas Images by EyeRounds.org, The University of Iowa.

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
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Tables

Viral Disease of the Eye
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Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab1
TABLE 1

Common viruses affecting the eye

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TABLE 1

Common viruses affecting the eye

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab2
TABLE 2

Viral causes of ocular clinical syndromes

Generic image for table
TABLE 2

Viral causes of ocular clinical syndromes

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab3
TABLE 3

Ocular HIV manifestations

Generic image for table
TABLE 3

Ocular HIV manifestations

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab4
TABLE 4

Ocular manifestations of herpesviruses

Generic image for table
TABLE 4

Ocular manifestations of herpesviruses

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab5
TABLE 5

Laboratory diagnosis of common ocular viral infections

Generic image for table
TABLE 5

Laboratory diagnosis of common ocular viral infections

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab6
TABLE 6

Adenoviral ocular syndromes

Generic image for table
TABLE 6

Adenoviral ocular syndromes

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch10.ch10tab7
TABLE 7

Common congenital viral infections with ocular manifestations

Generic image for table
TABLE 7

Common congenital viral infections with ocular manifestations

Citation: Newman H. 2017. Viral Disease of the Eye, p 151-167. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch10

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