1887

Chapter 24 : Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7

Authors: Koichi Yamanishi1, Yasuko Mori2
VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
Affiliations: 1: The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; 2: Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2017

Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.

Preview this chapter:
Preview Magnify
Zoom in
Zoomout

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, Page 1 of 2

| /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819439/9781555819422.ch24-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819439/9781555819422.ch24-2.gif

Abstract:

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was first isolated from patients with lymphoproliferative disorders in 1986 and was initially named ‘‘human B-lymphotropic virus (HBLV)’’ (1). It was found to mainly infect and replicate in lymphocytes of T-cell lineage (2). Subsequently, several reports described the isolation of similar viruses mainly from patients with HIV/AIDS. The characterization of HHV-6 indicated that the virus was antigenically and genetically distinct from the other five known human herpesviruses (1, 3). HHV-6 isolates are classified into two closely related groups that have been named variants A (HHV-6A) and B (HHV-6B). Primary HHV-6B infection occurs during infancy. This virus was recognized as the causative agent of exanthem subitum (ES) in 1988 (4).

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

Figures

Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-1,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Koichi, foaf_name=Koichi Yamanishi, foaf_surname=Yamanishi, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-2,webId=/content/author/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Yasuko, foaf_name=Yasuko Mori, foaf_surname=Mori, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24-aff2]]}]]
Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24.ch24fig1
FIGURE 1

Herpes virus particles seen outside of HHV-6 infected cells.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig1.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Herpes virus particles seen outside of HHV-6 infected cells.

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24.ch24fig2
FIGURE 2

Genome structure of HHV-6B, HST strain; DR; direct repeat. (This figure was shown in a figure in reference .)

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Genome structure of HHV-6B, HST strain; DR; direct repeat. (This figure was shown in a figure in reference .)

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24.ch24fig3
FIGURE 3

HHV-6A/B and cellular receptors. gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 complex expresses in HHV-6A/B envelope. HHV-6A gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 complex binds to human CD46, and that of HHV-6B binds to human CD134.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig3.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

HHV-6A/B and cellular receptors. gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 complex expresses in HHV-6A/B envelope. HHV-6A gH/gL/gQ1/gQ2 complex binds to human CD46, and that of HHV-6B binds to human CD134.

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24.ch24fig4
FIGURE 4

Clinical feature (typical rash) of a patient with exanthem subitum.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig4.gif
Image of FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4

Clinical feature (typical rash) of a patient with exanthem subitum.

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24.ch24fig5
FIGURE 5

Fluorescent hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes from a patient shows integration of HHV-6. The red and green signals indicate HHV-6 DNA and chromosome 6, respectively (the method is written in reference .)

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig5_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch24fig5.gif
Image of FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5

Fluorescent hybridization (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes from a patient shows integration of HHV-6. The red and green signals indicate HHV-6 DNA and chromosome 6, respectively (the method is written in reference .)

Citation: Yamanishi K, Mori Y. 2017. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Human Herpesvirus 7, p 511-522. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

References

/content/book/10.1128/9781555819439.ch24
1. Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi D, Markham P, Josephs S, Sturzenegger S, Kaplan M, Halligan G, Biberfeld P, Wong-Staal F, Kramarsky B, Gallo R . 1986. Isolation of a new virus, HBLV, in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. Science 234 : 596– 601.[PubMed]
2. Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Josephs SF, Imam F, Lusso P, Gallo RC, Hung C, Lemp J, Markham PD . 1987. HBLV (or HHV-6) in human cell lines. Nature 329 : 207.[PubMed]
3. Lopez C, Pellett P, Stewart J, Goldsmith C, Sanderlin K, Black J, Warfield D, Feorino P . 1988. Characteristics of human herpesvirus-6. J Infect Dis 157 : 1271– 1273.[PubMed]
4. Yamanishi K, Okuno T, Shiraki K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano Y, Kurata T . 1988. Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet 1 : 1065– 1067.[PubMed]
5. Frenkel N, Schirmer EC, Wyatt LS, Katsafanas G, Roffman E, Danovich RM, June CH . 1990. Isolation of a new herpesvirus from human CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 : 748– 752.[PubMed]
6. Berneman ZN, Ablashi DV, Li G, Eger-Fletcher M, Reitz MS Jr, Hung CL, Brus I, Komaroff AL, Gallo RC . 1992. Human herpesvirus 7 is a T-lymphotropic virus and is related to, but significantly different from, human herpesvirus 6 and human cytomegalovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 : 10552– 10556.[PubMed]
7. Lawrence GL, Chee M, Craxton MA, Gompels UA, Honess RW, Barrell BG . 1990. Human herpesvirus 6 is closely related to human cytomegalovirus. J Virol 64 : 287– 299.[PubMed]
8. Ablashi D, Agut H, Alvarez-Lafuente R, Clark DA, Dewhurst S, DiLuca D, Flamand L, Frenkel N, Gallo R, Gompels UA, Höllsberg P, Jacobson S, Luppi M, Lusso P, Malnati M, Medveczky P, Mori Y, Pellett PE, Pritchett JC, Yamanishi K, Yoshikawa T . 2014. Classification of HHV-6A and HHV-6B as distinct viruses. Arch Virol 159 : 863– 870.[PubMed]
9. Wyatt LS, Rodriguez WJ, Balachandran N, Frenkel N . 1991. Human herpesvirus 7: antigenic properties and prevalence in children and adults. J Virol 65 : 6260– 6265.[PubMed]
10. Biberfeld P, Kramarsky B, Salahuddin SZ, Gallo RC . 1987. Ultrastructural characterization of a new human B lymphotropic DNA virus (human herpesvirus 6) isolated from patients with lymphoproliferative disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 79 : 933– 941.[PubMed]
11. Yoshida M, Uno F, Bai ZL, Yamada M, Nii S, Sata T, Kurata T, Yamanishi K, Takahashi M . 1989. Electron microscopic study of a herpes-type virus isolated from an infant with exanthem subitum. Microbiol Immunol 33 : 147– 154.[PubMed]
12. Cirone M, Campadelli-Fiume G, Foà-Tomasi L, Torrisi MR, Faggioni A . 1994. Human herpesvirus 6 envelope glycoproteins B and H-L complex are undetectable on the plasma membrane of infected lymphocytes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10 : 175– 179.[PubMed]
13. Cardinali G, Gentile M, Cirone M, Zompetta C, Frati L, Faggioni A, Torrisi MR . 1998. Viral glycoproteins accumulate in newly formed annulate lamellae following infection of lymphoid cells by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 72 : 9738– 9746.[PubMed]
14. Torrisi MR, Gentile M, Cardinali G, Cirone M, Zompetta C, Lotti LV, Frati L, Faggioni A . 1999. Intracellular transport and maturation pathway of human herpesvirus 6. Virology 257 : 460– 471.[PubMed]
15. Mori Y, Koike M, Moriishi E, Kawabata A, Tang H, Oyaizu H, Uchiyama Y, Yamanishi K . 2008. Human herpesvirus-6 induces MVB formation, and virus egress occurs by an exosomal release pathway. Traffic 9 : 1728– 1742.[PubMed]
16. Gompels UA, Nicholas J, Lawrence G, Jones M, Thomson BJ, Martin ME, Efstathiou S, Craxton M, Macaulay HA . 1995. The DNA sequence of human herpesvirus-6: structure, coding content, and genome evolution. Virology 209 : 29– 51.[PubMed]
17. Lindquester GJ, Pellett PE . 1991. Properties of the human herpesvirus 6 strain Z29 genome: G + C content, length, and presence of variable-length directly repeated terminal sequence elements. Virology 182 : 102– 110.[PubMed]
18. Pellett PE, Lindquester GJ, Feorino P, Lopez C . 1990. Genomic heterogeneity of human herpesvirus 6 isolates. Adv Exp Med Biol 278 : 9– 18.[PubMed]
19. Gravel A, Hall CB, Flamand L . 2013. Sequence analysis of transplacentally acquired human herpesvirus 6 DNA is consistent with transmission of a chromosomally integrated reactivated virus. J Infect Dis 207 : 1585– 1589.[PubMed]
20. Isegawa Y, Mukai T, Nakano K, Kagawa M, Chen J, Mori Y, Sunagawa T, Kawanishi K, Sashihara J, Hata A, Zou P, Kosuge H, Yamanishi K . 1999. Comparison of the complete DNA sequences of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B. J Virol 73 : 8053– 8063.[PubMed]
21. Dominguez G, Dambaugh TR, Stamey FR, Dewhurst S, Inoue N, Pellett PE . 1999. Human herpesvirus 6B genome sequence: coding content and comparison with human herpesvirus 6A. J Virol 73 : 8040– 8052.[PubMed]
22. Megaw AG, Rapaport D, Avidor B, Frenkel N, Davison AJ . 1998. The DNA sequence of the RK strain of human herpesvirus 7. Virology 244 : 119– 132.[PubMed]
23. Nicholas J . 1996. Determination and analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of human herpesvirus. J Virol 70 : 5975– 5989.[PubMed]
24. Secchiero P, Nicholas J, Deng H, Xiaopeng T, van Loon N, Ruvolo VR, Berneman ZN, Reitz MS Jr, Dewhurst S . 1995. Identification of human telomeric repeat motifs at the genome termini of human herpesvirus 7: structural analysis and heterogeneity. J Virol 69 : 8041– 8045.[PubMed]
25. Chou S, Marousek GI . 1994. Analysis of interstrain variation in a putative immediate-early region of human herpesvirus 6 DNA and definition of variant-specific sequences. Virology 198 : 370– 376.[PubMed]
26. Franti M, Aubin JT, Gautheret-Dejean A, Malet I, Cahour A, Huraux JM, Agut H . 1999. Preferential associations of alleles of three distinct genes argue for the existence of two prototype variants of human herpesvirus 7. J Virol 73 : 9655– 9658.[PubMed]
27. Balachandran N, Amelse RE, Zhou WW, Chang CK . 1989. Identification of proteins specific for human herpesvirus 6-infected human T cells. J Virol 63 : 2835– 2840.[PubMed]
28. Shiraki K, Okuno T, Yamanishi K, Takahashi M . 1989. Virion and nonstructural polypeptides of human herpesvirus-6. Virus Res 13 : 173– 178.[PubMed]
29. Yamamoto M, Black JB, Stewart JA, Lopez C, Pellett PE . 1990. Identification of a nucleocapsid protein as a specific serological marker of human herpesvirus 6 infection. J Clin Microbiol 28 : 1957– 1962.[PubMed]
30. Foà-Tomasi L, Boscaro A, di Gaeta S, Campadelli-Fiume G . 1991. Monoclonal antibodies to gp100 inhibit penetration of human herpesvirus 6 and polykaryocyte formation in susceptible cells. J Virol 65 : 4124– 4129.[PubMed]
31. Akkapaiboon P, Mori Y, Sadaoka T, Yonemoto S, Yamanishi K . 2004. Intracellular processing of human herpesvirus 6 glycoproteins Q1 and Q2 into tetrameric complexes expressed on the viral envelope. J Virol 78 : 7969– 7983.[PubMed]
32. Mori Y, Akkapaiboon P, Yonemoto S, Koike M, Takemoto M, Sadaoka T, Sasamoto Y, Konishi S, Uchiyama Y, Yamanishi K . 2004. Discovery of a second form of tripartite complex containing gH-gL of human herpesvirus 6 and observations on CD46. J Virol 78 : 4609– 4616.[PubMed]
33. Mori Y, Yang X, Akkapaiboon P, Okuno T, Yamanishi K . 2003. Human herpesvirus 6 variant A glycoprotein H-glycoprotein L-glycoprotein Q complex associates with human CD46. J Virol 77 : 4992– 4999.[PubMed]
34. Sadaoka T, Yamanishi K, Mori Y . 2006. Human herpesvirus 7 U47 gene products are glycoproteins expressed in virions and associate with glycoprotein H. J Gen Virol 87 : 501– 508.[PubMed]
35. Glosson NL, Hudson AW . 2007. Human herpesvirus-6A and -6B encode viral immunoevasins that downregulate class I MHC molecules. Virology 365 : 125– 135.[PubMed]
36. Hudson AW, Blom D, Howley PM, Ploegh HL . 2003. The ER-lumenal domain of the HHV-7 immunoevasin U21 directs class I MHC molecules to lysosomes. Traffic 4 : 824– 837.[PubMed]
37. Sullivan BM, Coscoy L . 2008. Downregulation of the T-cell receptor complex and impairment of T-cell activation by human herpesvirus 6 u24 protein. J Virol 82 : 602– 608.[PubMed]
38. Jaworska J, Gravel A, Flamand L . 2010. Divergent susceptibilities of human herpesvirus 6 variants to type I interferons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 : 8369– 8374.[PubMed]
39. Neipel F, Ellinger K, Fleckenstein B . 1992. Gene for the major antigenic structural protein (p100) of human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 66 : 3918– 3924.[PubMed]
40. Chang CK, Balachandran N . 1991. Identification, characterization, and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding a phosphoprotein of human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 65(6) : 2884−2894.[PubMed]
41. Mori Y, Dhepakson P, Shimamoto T, Ueda K, Gomi Y, Tani H, Matsuura Y, Yamanishi K . 2000. Expression of human herpesvirus 6B rep within infected cells and binding of its gene product to the TATA-binding protein in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 74 : 6096– 6104.[PubMed]
42. Isegawa Y, Ping Z, Nakano K, Sugimoto N, Yamanishi K . 1998. Human herpesvirus 6 open reading frame U12 encodes a functional beta-chemokine receptor. J Virol 72 : 6104– 6112.[PubMed]
43. Zou P, Isegawa Y, Nakano K, Haque M, Horiguchi Y, Yamanishi K . 1999. Human herpesvirus 6 open reading frame U83 encodes a functional chemokine. J Virol 73 : 5926– 5933.[PubMed]
44. Catusse J, Parry CM, Dewin DR, Gompels UA . 2007. Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by viral chemokine U83A via high-affinity CCR5 interactions that block human chemokine-induced leukocyte chemotaxis and receptor internalization. Blood 109 : 3633– 3639.[PubMed]
45. Foà-Tomasi L, Avitabile E, Ke L, Campadelli-Fiume G . 1994. Polyvalent and monoclonal antibodies identify major immunogenic proteins specific for human herpesvirus 7-infected cells and have weak cross-reactivity with human herpesvirus 6. J Gen Virol 75 : 2719– 2727.[PubMed]
46. Foà-Tomasi L, Fiorilli MP, Avitabile E, Campadelli-Fiume G . 1996. Identification of an 85 kDa phosphoprotein as an immunodominant protein specific for human herpesvirus 7-infected cells. J Gen Virol 77 : 511– 518.[PubMed]
47. Steeper TA, Horwitz CA, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Saxinger C, Saltzman R, Schwartz B . 1990. The spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings resulting from human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in patients with mononucleosis-like illnesses not resulting from Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus. Am J Clin Pathol 93 : 776– 783.[PubMed]
48. Nakagawa N, Mukai T, Sakamoto J, Hata A, Okuno T, Takeda K, Yamanishi K . 1997. Antigenic analysis of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and HHV-6 using immune sera and monoclonal antibodies against HHV-7. J Gen Virol 78 : 1131– 1137.[PubMed]
49. Lusso P, Markham PD, Tschachler E, di Marzo Veronese F, Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV, Pahwa S, Krohn K, Gallo RC . 1988. In vitro cellular tropism of human B-lymphotropic virus (human herpesvirus-6). J Exp Med 167 : 1659– 1670.[PubMed]
50. Takahashi K, Sonoda S, Higashi K, Kondo T, Takahashi H, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K . 1989. Predominant CD4 T-lymphocyte tropism of human herpesvirus 6-related virus. J Virol 63 : 3161– 3163.[PubMed]
51. Santoro F, Kennedy PE, Locatelli G, Malnati MS, Berger EA, Lusso P . 1999. CD46 is a cellular receptor for human herpesvirus 6. Cell 99 : 817– 827.[PubMed]
52. Mori Y, Seya T, Huang HL, Akkapaiboon P, Dhepakson P, Yamanishi K . 2002. Human herpesvirus 6 variant A but not variant B induces fusion from without in a variety of human cells through a human herpesvirus 6 entry receptor, CD46. J Virol 76 : 6750– 6761.[PubMed]
53. Tang H, Serada S, Kawabata A, Ota M, Hayashi E, Naka T, Yamanishi K, Mori Y . 2013. CD134 is a cellular receptor specific for human herpesvirus-6B entry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110 : 9096– 9099.[PubMed]
54. Arbuckle JH, Medveczky MM, Luka J, Hadley SH, Luegmayr A, Ablashi D, Lund TC, Tolar J, De Meirleir K, Montoya JG, Komaroff AL, Ambros PF, Medveczky PG . 2010. The latent human herpesvirus-6A genome specifically integrates in telomeres of human chromosomes in vivo and in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 : 5563– 5568.[PubMed]
55. Arbuckle JH, Pantry SN, Medveczky MM, Prichett J, Loomis KS, Ablashi D, Medveczky PG . 2013. Mapping the telomere integrated genome of human herpesvirus 6A and 6B. Virology 442 : 3– 11.[PubMed]
56. Lusso P, Secchiero P, Crowley RW, Garzino-Demo A, Berneman ZN, Gallo RC . 1994. CD4 is a critical component of the receptor for human herpesvirus 7: interference with human immunodeficiency virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91 : 3872– 3876.[PubMed]
57. Black JB, Sanderlin KC, Goldsmith CS, Gary HE, Lopez C, Pellett PE . 1989. Growth properties of human herpesvirus-6 strain Z29. J Virol Methods 26 : 133– 145.[PubMed]
58. Roffman E, Frenkel N . 1990. Interleukin-2 inhibits the replication of human herpesvirus-6 in mature thymocytes. Virology 175 : 591– 594.[PubMed]
59. Kempe CH, Shaw EB, Jackson JR, Silver HK . 1950. Studies on the etiology of exanthema subitum (roseola infantum). J Pediatr 37 : 561– 568.[PubMed]
60. Higashi K, Asada H, Kurata T, Ishikawa K, Hayami M, Spriatna Y, Sutarman, Yamanishi K . 1989. Presence of antibody to human herpesvirus 6 in monkeys. J Gen Virol 70 : 3171– 3176.[PubMed]
61. Lusso P, Markham PD, DeRocco SE, Gallo RC . 1990. In vitro susceptibility of T lymphocytes from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6): a potential animal model to study the interaction between HHV-6 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vivo. J Virol 64 : 2751– 2758.[PubMed]
62. Okuno T, Takahashi K, Balachandra K, Shiraki K, Yamanishi K, Takahashi M, Baba K . 1989. Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 6 infection in normal children and adults. J Clin Microbiol 27 : 651– 653.[PubMed]
63. Bates M, Monze M, Bima H, Kapambwe M, Clark D, Kasolo FC, Gompels UA . 2009. Predominant human herpesvirus 6 variant A infant infections in an HIV-1 endemic region of Sub-Saharan Africa. J Med Virol 81 : 779– 789.[PubMed]
64. Cone RW, Huang ML, Hackman RC, Corey L . 1996. Coinfection with human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B in lung tissue. J Clin Microbiol 34 : 877– 881.[PubMed]
65. Clark DA, Freeland ML, Mackie LK, Jarrett RF, Onions DE . 1993. Prevalence of antibody to human herpesvirus 7 by age. J Infect Dis 168 : 251– 252.[PubMed]
66. Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, Kobayashi I, Nakashima T, Yazaki T, Suga S, Ozaki T, Wyatt LS, Frenkel N . 1993. Seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 7 in healthy children and adults in Japan. J Med Virol 41 : 319– 323.[PubMed]
67. Tanaka-Taya K, Kondo T, Mukai T, Miyoshi H, Yamamoto Y, Okada S, Yamanishi K . 1996. Seroepidemiological study of human herpesvirus-6 and -7 in children of different ages and detection of these two viruses in throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 48 : 88– 94.[PubMed]
68. Takahashi K, Sonoda S, Kawakami K, Miyata K, Oki T, Nagata T, Okuno T, Kamanishi K . 1988. Human herpesvirus 6 and exanthem subitum. Lancet 1 : 1463.[PubMed]
69. Gopal MR, Thomson BJ, Fox J, Tedder RS, Honess RW . 1990. Detection by PCR of HHV-6 and EBV DNA in blood and oropharynx of healthy adults and HIV-seropositives. Lancet 335 : 1598– 1599.[PubMed]
70. Jarrett RF, Clark DA, Josephs SF, Onions DE . 1990. Detection of human herpesvirus-6 DNA in peripheral blood and saliva. J Med Virol 32 : 73– 76.[PubMed]
71. Kido S, Kondo K, Kondo T, Morishima T, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K . 1990. Detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in throat swabs by polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 32 : 139– 142. [PubMed]
72. Leach CT, Newton ER, McParlin S, Jenson HB . 1994. Human herpesvirus 6 infection of the female genital tract. J Infect Dis 169 : 1281– 1283.[PubMed]
73. Okuno T, Oishi H, Hayashi K, Nonogaki M, Tanaka K, Yamanishi K . 1995. Human herpesviruses 6 and 7 in cervixes of pregnant women. J Clin Microbiol 33 : 1968– 1970.[PubMed]
74. Okuno T, Mukai T, Baba K, Ohsumi Y, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K . 1991. Outbreak of exanthem subitum in an orphanage. J Pediatr 119 : 759– 761.[PubMed]
75. Adams O, Krempe C, Kögler G, Wernet P, Scheid A . 1998. Congenital infections with human herpesvirus 6. J Infect Dis 178 : 544– 546.[PubMed]
76. Dahl H, Fjaertoft G, Norsted T, Wang FZ, Mousavi-Jazi M, Linde A . 1999. Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 during pregnancy. J Infect Dis 180 : 2035– 2038.[PubMed]
77. Morissette G, Flamand L . 2010. Herpesviruses and chromosomal integration. J Virol 84 : 12100– 12109.[PubMed]
78. Pellett PE, Ablashi DV, Ambros PF, Agut H, Caserta MT, Descamps V, Flamand L, Gautheret-Dejean A, Hall CB, Kamble RT, Kuehl U, Lassner D, Lautenschlager I, Loomis KS, Luppi M, Lusso P, Medveczky PG, Montoya JG, Mori Y, Ogata M, Pritchett JC, Rogez S, Seto E, Ward KN, Yoshikawa T, Razonable RR . 2012. Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6: questions and answers. Rev Med Virol 22 : 144– 155.[PubMed]
79. Hall CB, Caserta MT, Schnabel KC, Shelley LM, Carnahan JA, Marino AS, Yoo C, Lofthus GK . 2010. Transplacental congenital human herpesvirus 6 infection caused by maternal chromosomally integrated virus. J Infect Dis 201 : 505– 507.[PubMed]
80. Ihira M, Sugiyama H, Enomoto Y, Higashimoto Y, Sugata K, Asano Y, Yoshikawa T . 2010. Direct detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in serum by variant specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. J Virol Methods 167 : 103– 106.[PubMed]
81. Black JB, Inoue N, Kite-Powell K, Zaki S, Pellett PE . 1993. Frequent isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from saliva. Virus Res 29 : 91– 98.[PubMed]
82. Hidaka Y, Liu Y, Yamamoto M, Mori R, Miyazaki C, Kusuhara K, Okada K, Ueda K . 1993. Frequent isolation of human herpesvirus 7 from saliva samples. J Med Virol 40 : 343– 346.[PubMed]
83. Wyatt LS, Frenkel N . 1992. Human herpesvirus 7 is a constitutive inhabitant of adult human saliva. J Virol 66 : 3206– 3209.[PubMed]
84. Flamand L, Gosselin J, Stefanescu I, Ablashi D, Menezes J . 1995. Immunosuppressive effect of human herpesvirus 6 on T-cell functions: suppression of interleukin-2 synthesis and cell proliferation. Blood 85 : 1263– 1271.[PubMed]
85. Wang F, Chi J, Peng G, Zhou F, Wang J, Li L, Feng D, Xie F, Gu B, Qin J, Chen Y, Yao K . 2014. Development of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells induced by human herpesvirus 6 infection. J Virol 88 : 1011– 1024.[PubMed]
86. Lusso P, De Maria A, Malnati M, Lori F, DeRocco SE, Baseler M, Gallo RC . 1991. Induction of CD4 and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in human CD8+ T lymphocytes by human herpesvirus 6. Nature 349 : 533– 535.[PubMed]
87. Lusso P, Malnati MS, Garzino-Demo A, Crowley RW, Long EO, Gallo RC . 1993. Infection of natural killer cells by human herpesvirus 6. Nature 362 : 458– 462.[PubMed]
88. Lusso P, Malnati M, De Maria A, Balotta C, DeRocco SE, Markham PD, Gallo RC . 1991. Productive infection of CD4+ and CD8+ mature human T cell populations and clones by human herpesvirus 6. Transcriptional down-regulation of CD3. J Immunol 147 : 685– 691.[PubMed]
89. Kikuta H, Nakane A, Lu H, Taguchi Y, Minagawa T, Matsumoto S . 1990. Interferon induction by human herpesvirus 6 in human mononuclear cells. J Infect Dis 162 : 35– 38.[PubMed]
90. Knox KK, Carrigan DR . 1992. In vitro suppression of bone marrow progenitor cell differentiation by human herpesvirus 6 infection. J Infect Dis 165 : 925– 929.[PubMed]
91. Takahashi K, Segal E, Kondo T, Mukai T, Moriyama M, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K . 1992. Interferon and natural killer cell activity in patients with exanthem subitum. Pediatr Infect Dis J 11 : 369– 373.[PubMed]
92. Flamand L, Gosselin J, D'Addario M, Hiscott J, Ablashi DV, Gallo RC, Menezes J . 1991. Human herpesvirus 6 induces interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not interleukin-6, in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. J Virol 65 : 5105– 5110.[PubMed]
93. Ensoli B, Lusso P, Schachter F, Josephs SF, Rappaport J, Negro F, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F . 1989. Human herpes virus-6 increases HIV-1 expression in co-infected T cells via nuclear factors binding to the HIV-1 enhancer. EMBO J 8 : 3019– 3027.[PubMed]
94. Horvat RT, Wood C, Balachandran N . 1989. Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6. J Virol 63 : 970– 973.[PubMed]
95. Carrigan DR, Knox KK, Tapper MA . 1990. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by human herpesvirus-6. J Infect Dis 162 : 844– 851.[PubMed]
96. Levy JA, Landay A, Lennette ET . 1990. Human herpesvirus 6 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in cell culture. J Clin Microbiol 28 : 2362– 2364.[PubMed]
97. Pietroboni GR, Harnett GB, Farr TJ, Bucens MR . 1988. Human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6) and its in vitro effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). J Clin Pathol 41 : 1310– 1312.[PubMed]
98. Lusso P, Crowley RW, Malnati MS, Di Serio C, Ponzoni M, Biancotto A, Markham PD, Gallo RC . 2007. Human herpesvirus 6A accelerates AIDS progression in macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 : 5067– 5072.[PubMed]
99. Knox KK, Harrington DP, Carrigan DR . 1995. Fulminant human herpesvirus six encephalitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected infant. J Med Virol 45 : 288– 292.[PubMed]
100. Lisco A, Grivel JC, Biancotto A, Vanpouille C, Origgi F, Malnati MS, Schols D, Lusso P, Margolis LB . 2007. Viral interactions in human lymphoid tissue: human herpesvirus 7 suppresses the replication of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 via CD4 modulation. J Virol 81 : 708– 717.[PubMed]
101. Jaworska J, Gravel A, Fink K, Grandvaux N, Flamand L . 2007. Inhibition of transcription of the beta interferon gene by the human herpesvirus 6 immediate-early 1 protein. J Virol 81 : 5737– 5748.[PubMed]
102. Hellstrom B, Vahlquist B . 1951. Experimental inoculation of roseola infantum. Acta Paediatr 40 : 189– 197.[PubMed]
103. Asano Y, Suga S, Yoshikawa T, Urisu A, Yazaki T . 1989. Human herpesvirus type 6 infection (exanthem subitum) without fever. J Pediatr 115 : 264– 265. [PubMed]
104. Kondo K, Hayakawa Y, Mori H, Sato S, Kondo T, Takahashi K, Minamishima Y, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K . 1990. Detection by polymerase chain reaction amplification of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in peripheral blood of patients with exanthem subitum. J Clin Microbiol 28 : 970– 974.[PubMed]
105. Pruksananonda P, Hall CB, Insel RA, McIntyre K, Pellett PE, Long CE, Schnabel KC, Pincus PH, Stamey FR, Dambaugh TR, Stewart JA . 1992. Primary human herpesvirus 6 infection in young children. N Engl J Med 326 : 1445– 1450.[PubMed]
106. Suga S, Yoshikawa T, Asano Y, Yazaki T, Hirata S . 1989. Human herpesvirus-6 infection (exanthem subitum) without rash. Pediatrics 83 : 1003– 1006.[PubMed]
107. Bertram G, Dreiner N, Krueger GR, Ramon A, Ablashi DV, Salahuddin SZ, Balachandram N . 1991. Frequent double infection with Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus-6 in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. In Vivo 5 : 271– 279.[PubMed]
108. Tanaka K, Kondo T, Torigoe S, Okada S, Mukai T, Yamanishi K . 1994. Human herpesvirus 7: another causal agent for roseola (exanthem subitum). J Pediatr 125 : 1– 5.[PubMed]
109. Asano Y, Yoshikawa T, Suga S, Yazaki T, Kondo K, Yamanishi K . 1990. Fatal fulminant hepatitis in an infant with human herpesvirus-6 infection. Lancet 335 : 862– 863.[PubMed]
110. Tajiri H, Nose O, Baba K, Okada S . 1990. Human herpesvirus-6 infection with liver injury in neonatal hepatitis. Lancet 335 : 863.[PubMed]
111. Moller KL . 1956. Exanthema subitum and febrile convulsions. Acta Paediatr 45 : 534– 540.[PubMed]
112. Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K, McIntyre K, Long C, Costanzo M, Dewhurst S, Insel R, Epstein LG . 1994. Neuroinvasion and persistence of human herpesvirus 6 in children. J Infect Dis 170 : 1586– 1589.[PubMed]
113. Ishiguro N, Yamada S, Takahashi T, Takahashi Y, Togashi T, Okuno T, Yamanishi K . 1990. Meningo-encephalitis associated with HHV-6 related exanthem subitum. Acta Paediatr Scand 79 : 987– 989.[PubMed]
114. Yoshikawa T, Nakashima T, Suga S, Asano Y, Yazaki T, Kimura H, Morishima T, Kondo K, Yamanishi K . 1992. Human herpesvirus-6 DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of a child with exanthem subitum and meningoencephalitis. Pediatrics 89 : 888– 890.[PubMed]
115. Kondo K, Nagafuji H, Hata A, Tomomori C, Yamanishi K . 1993. Association of human herpesvirus 6 infection of the central nervous system with recurrence of febrile convulsions. J Infect Dis 167 : 1197– 1200.[PubMed]
116. Luppi M, Barozzi P, Maiorana A, Marasca R, Torelli G . 1994. Human herpesvirus 6 infection in normal human brain tissue. J Infect Dis 169 : 943– 944.[PubMed]
117. Sumiyoshi Y, Kikuchi M, Ohshima K, Takeshita M, Eizuru Y, Minamishima Y . 1993. Analysis of human herpes virus-6 genomes in lymphoid malignancy in Japan. J Clin Pathol 46 : 1137– 1138.[PubMed]
118. Kitamura K, Ohta H, Ihara T, Kamiya H, Ochiai H, Yamanishi K, Tanaka K . 1994. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura after human herpesvirus 6 infection. Lancet 344 : 830.[PubMed]
119. Caserta MT, Hall CB, Schnabel K, Long CE, D'Heron N . 1998. Primary human herpesvirus 7 infection: a comparison of human herpesvirus 7 and human herpesvirus 6 infections in children. J Pediatr 133 : 386– 389.[PubMed]
120. Torigoe S, Koide W, Yamada M, Miyashiro E, Tanaka-Taya K, Yamanishi K . 1996. Human herpesvirus 7 infection associated with central nervous system manifestations. J Pediatr 129 : 301– 305.[PubMed]
121. Ward KN, Andrews NJ, Verity CM, Miller E, Ross EM . 2005. Human herpesviruses-6 and -7 each cause significant neurological morbidity in Britain and Ireland. Arch Dis Child 90 : 619– 623.[PubMed]
122. Cone RW, Huang ML, Corey L, Zeh J, Ashley R, Bowden R . 1999. Human herpesvirus 6 infections after bone marrow transplantation: clinical and virologic manifestations. J Infect Dis 179 : 311– 318.[PubMed]
123. Drobyski WR, Knox KK, Majewski D, Carrigan DR . 1994. Brief report: fatal encephalitis due to variant B human herpesvirus-6 infection in a bone marrow-transplant recipient. N Engl J Med 330 : 1356– 1360.[PubMed]
124. Cone RW, Hackman RC, Huang ML, Bowden RA, Meyers JD, Metcalf M, Zeh J, Ashley R, Corey L . 1993. Human herpesvirus 6 in lung tissue from patients with pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med 329 : 156– 161.[PubMed]
125. Appleton AL . , et al . 1995. Human herpes virus-6 infection in marrow graft recipients: role in pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease. Newcastle upon Tyne Bone Marrow Transport Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 16 : 777– 782.[PubMed]
126. Fotheringham J, Akhyani N, Vortmeyer A, Donati D, Williams E, Oh U, Bishop M, Barrett J, Gea-Banacloche J, Jacobson S . 2007. Detection of active human herpesvirus-6 infection in the brain: correlation with polymerase chain reaction detection in cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis 195 : 450– 454.[PubMed]
127. Okuno T, Higashi K, Shiraki K, Yamanishi K, Takahashi M, Kokado Y, Ishibashi M, Takahara S, Sonoda T, Tanaka K, Baba K, Yabuuchi H, Kurata T . 1990. Human herpesvirus 6 infection in renal transplantation. Transplantation 49 : 519– 522.[PubMed]
128. Singh N, Carrigan DR, Gayowski T, Singh J, Marino IR . 1995. Variant B human herpesvirus-6 associated febrile dermatosis with thrombocytopenia and encephalopathy in a liver transplant recipient. Transplantation 60 : 1355– 1357.[PubMed]
129. Singh N, Carrigan DR, Gayowski T, Marino IR . 1997. Human herpesvirus-6 infection in liver transplant recipients: documentation of pathogenicity. Transplantation 64 : 674– 678.[PubMed]
130. Lee SO, Brown RA, Razonable RR . 2011. Clinical significance of pretransplant chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus-6 in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation 92 : 224– 229.[PubMed]
131. Kidd IM, Clark DA, Sabin CA, Andrew D, Hassan-Walker AF, Sweny P, Griffiths PD, Emery VC . 2000. Prospective study of human betaherpesviruses after renal transplantation: association of human herpesvirus 7 and cytomegalovirus co-infection with cytomegalovirus disease and increased rejection. Transplantation 69 : 2400– 2404.[PubMed]
132. Yadav M, Arivananthan M, Chandrashekran A, Tan BS, Hashim BY . 1997. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) DNA and virus-encoded antigen in oral lesions. J Oral Pathol Med 26 : 393– 401.[PubMed]
133. Braun DK, Pellett PE, Hanson CA . 1995. Presence and expression of human herpesvirus 6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of S100-positive, T cell chronic lymphoproliferative disease. J Infect Dis 171 : 1351– 1355.[PubMed]
134. Josephs SF, Henry B, Balachandran N, Strayer D, Peterson D, Komaroff AL, Ablashi DV . 1991. HHV-6 reactivation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 337 : 1346– 1347.[PubMed]
135. Wakefield D, Lloyd A, Dwyer J, Salahuddin SZ, Ablashi DV . 1988. Human herpesvirus 6 and myalgic encephalomyelitis. Lancet 1 : 1059.[PubMed]
136. Patnaik M, Komaroff AL, Conley E, Ojo-Amaize EA, Peter JB . 1995. Prevalence of IgM antibodies to human herpesvirus 6 early antigen (p41/38) in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Infect Dis 172 : 1364– 1367.[PubMed]
137. Delbue S, Carluccio S, Ferrante P . 2012. The long and evolving relationship between viruses and multiple sclerosis. Future Virol 7 : 871– 883.
138. Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, MacLeod DL, Coulter SN, Rose TM, Schultz ER, Bennett JL, Garber RL, Chang M . 1995. Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 : 7440– 7444.[PubMed]
139. Goodman AD, Mock DJ, Powers JM, Baker JV, Blumberg BM . 2003. Human herpesvirus 6 genome and antigen in acute multiple sclerosis lesions. J Infect Dis 187 : 1365– 1376.[PubMed]
140. Fillet AM, Lozeron P, Agut H, Lyon-Caen O, Liblau R . 1998. HHV-6 and multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 4 : 537 , author reply 538.[PubMed]
141. Coates AR, Bell J . 1998. HHV-6 and multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 4 : 537– 538. [PubMed]
142. Li JM, Lei D, Peng F, Zeng YJ, Li L, Xia ZL, Xia XQ, Zhou D . 2011. Detection of human herpes virus 6B in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in West China and the possible association with elevated NF-κB expression. Epilepsy Res 94 : 1– 9.[PubMed]
143. Theodore WH, Epstein L, Gaillard WD, Shinnar S, Wainwright MS, Jacobson S . 2008. Human herpes virus 6B: a possible role in epilepsy? Epilepsia 49 : 1828– 1837.[PubMed]
144. Niehusmann P, Mittelstaedt T, Bien CG, Drexler JF, Grote A, Schoch S, Becker AJ . 2010. Presence of human herpes virus 6 DNA exclusively in temporal lobe epilepsy brain tissue of patients with history of encephalitis. Epilepsia 51 : 2478– 2483.[PubMed]
145. Andréoletti L, Lévêque N, Boulagnon C, Brasselet C, Fornes P . 2009. Viral causes of human myocarditis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 102 : 559– 568.[PubMed]
146. Comar M, D'Agaro P, Campello C, Poli A, Breinholt JP III, Towbin JA, Vatta M . 2009. Human herpes virus 6 in archival cardiac tissues from children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy or congenital heart disease. J Clin Pathol 62 : 80– 83.[PubMed]
147. Tohyama M, Hashimoto K . 2011. New aspects of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. J Dermatol 38 : 222– 228.[PubMed]
148. Drago F, Ranieri E, Malaguti F, Losi E, Rebora A . 1997. Human herpesvirus 7 in pityriasis rosea. Lancet 349 : 1367– 1368.[PubMed]
149. Aubin JT, Poirel L, Robert C, Huraux JM, Agut H . 1994. Identification of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B by amplimer hybridization with variant-specific oligonucleotides and amplification with variant-specific primers. J Clin Microbiol 32 : 2434– 2440.[PubMed]
150. Schirmer EC, Wyatt LS, Yamanishi K, Rodriguez WJ, Frenkel N . 1991. Differentiation between two distinct classes of viruses now classified as human herpesvirus 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88 : 5922– 5926.[PubMed]
151. Yamamoto T, Mukai T, Kondo K, Yamanishi K . 1994. Variation of DNA sequence in immediate-early gene of human herpesvirus 6 and variant identification by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 32 : 473– 476.[PubMed]
152. Clark DA, Ait-Khaled M, Wheeler AC, Kidd IM, McLaughlin JE, Johnson MA, Griffiths PD, Emery VC . 1996. Quantification of human herpesvirus 6 in immunocompetent persons and post-mortem tissues from AIDS patients by PCR. J Gen Virol 77 : 2271– 2275.[PubMed]
153. Minjolle S, Michelet C, Jusselin I, Joannes M, Cartier F, Colimon R . 1999. Amplification of the six major human herpesviruses from cerebrospinal fluid by a single PCR. J Clin Microbiol 37 : 950– 953.[PubMed]
154. Kidd IM, Clark DA, Ait-Khaled M, Griffiths PD, Emery VC . 1996. Measurement of human herpesvirus 7 load in peripheral blood and saliva of healthy subjects by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis 174 : 396– 401.[PubMed]
155. Ihira M, Akimoto S, Miyake F, Fujita A, Sugata K, Suga S, Ohashi M, Nishimura N, Ozaki T, Asano Y, Yoshikawa T . 2007. Direct detection of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in serum by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Clin Virol 39 : 22– 26.[PubMed]
156. Kidd IM, Clark DA, Bremner JA, Pillay D, Griffiths PD, Emery VC . 1998. A multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of human herpesvirus 6 and human herpesvirus 7, with typing of HHV-6 by enzyme cleavage of PCR products. J Virol Methods 70 : 29– 36.[PubMed]
157. Ward KN, Thiruchelvam AD, Couto-Parada X . 2005. Unexpected occasional persistence of high levels of HHV-6 DNA in sera: detection of variants A and B. J Med Virol 76 : 563– 570.[PubMed]
158. Ward KN, Leong HN, Nacheva EP, Howard J, Atkinson CE, Davies NW, Griffiths PD, Clark DA . 2006. Human herpesvirus 6 chromosomal integration in immunocompetent patients results in high levels of viral DNA in blood, sera, and hair follicles. J Clin Microbiol 44 : 1571– 1574.[PubMed]
159. Ohye T . , et al . 2014. Dual Roles forthe telomeric repeats in chromosomally integrated human herpes-6. SC Rep 4 : 1– 7.
160. Loginov R, Karlsson T, Höckerstedt K, Ablashi D, Lautenschlager I . 2010. Quantitative HHV-6B antigenemia test for the monitoring of transplant patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 29 : 881– 886.[PubMed]
161. Niehusmann P, Seifert G, Clark K, Atas HC, Herpfer I, Fiebich B, Bischofberger J, Normann C . 2010. Coincidence detection and stress modulation of spike time-dependent long-term depression in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 30 : 6225– 6235.[PubMed]
162. Yoshikawa T, Goshima F, Akimoto S, Ozaki T, Iwasaki T, Kurata T, Asano Y, Nishiyama Y . 2003. Human herpesvirus 6 infection of human epidermal cell line: pathogenesis of skin manifestations. J Med Virol 71 : 62– 68.[PubMed]
163. Asada H, Yalcin S, Balachandra K, Higashi K, Yamanishi K . 1989. Establishment of titration system for human herpesvirus 6 and evaluation of neutralizing antibody response to the virus. J Clin Microbiol 27 : 2204– 2207.[PubMed]
164. Tsukazaki T, Yoshida M, Namba H, Yamada M, Shimizu N, Nii S . 1998. Development of a dot blot neutralizing assay for HHV-6 and HHV-7 using specific monoclonal antibodies. J Virol Methods 73 : 141– 149.[PubMed]
165. Suzuki Y, Inagi R, Aono T, Yamanishi K, Shiohara T . 1998. Human herpesvirus 6 infection as a risk factor for the development of severe drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Arch Dermatol 134 : 1108– 1112.[PubMed]
166. Black JB, Schwarz TF, Patton JL, Kite-Powell K, Pellett PE, Wiersbitzky S, Bruns R, Müller C, Jäger G, Stewart JA . 1996. Evaluation of immunoassays for detection of antibodies to human herpesvirus 7. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 3 : 79– 83.[PubMed]