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Chapter 27 : Adenoviruses

Authors: Olli Ruuskanen1, Jordan P. Metcalf2, Matti Waris3, Göran Akusjȁrvi4
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Affiliations: 1: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; 2: Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health, Oklahoma City, OK; 3: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; 4: Department of Medical Biochemistry and The Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
Content Type: Reference
Publication Year: 2017

Category: Viruses and Viral Pathogenesis

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Abstract:

Adenoviruses were first isolated in 1953 from adenoids and tonsils surgically removed from children (1). Soon after the recovery of adenoviruses from patients with respiratory illness, their role as a major cause of febrile infections in young children and in army recruits was recognized. The illness was originally called acute respiratory disease (or ARD), but the signs and symptoms are similar to those of other viral respiratory syndromes, which should replace the old nonspecific expression.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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Adenoviruses
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Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch27.ch27fig1
FIGURE 1

Schematic model illustrating the architecture of the adenovirus virion. The current view of the location and the copy number of polypeptides are indicated for the core and capsid proteins. Adapted and updated from ( ).

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig1_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig1.gif
Image of FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1

Schematic model illustrating the architecture of the adenovirus virion. The current view of the location and the copy number of polypeptides are indicated for the core and capsid proteins. Adapted and updated from ( ).

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch27.ch27fig2
FIGURE 2

Adenovirus transcription map here exemplified with human adenovirus type 2. Note that the alternatively spliced structure of individual mRNAs expressed from the different early and late units are not shown ( ). White arrows indicate early transcription units, thin arrows intermediate transcription units and black arrows late transcription units.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig2_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2

Adenovirus transcription map here exemplified with human adenovirus type 2. Note that the alternatively spliced structure of individual mRNAs expressed from the different early and late units are not shown ( ). White arrows indicate early transcription units, thin arrows intermediate transcription units and black arrows late transcription units.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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/content/10.1128/9781555819439.ch27.ch27fig3
FIGURE 3

Diagram of adenovirus replication cycle. The approximate time scale for the different steps in the adenovirus life cycle is indicated at the bottom of the figure.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig3_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig3.gif
Image of FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3

Diagram of adenovirus replication cycle. The approximate time scale for the different steps in the adenovirus life cycle is indicated at the bottom of the figure.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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FIGURE 4

The seasonal distribution of adenovirus types circulating in Finland over a period of 4 years. The genotypings performed at the Department of Virology, University of Turku, represent 10 to 23% of adenovirus infections diagnosed in Finland each year.

Courtesy of Dr. Minna Ylihärsilä.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig4_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig4.gif
Image of FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4

The seasonal distribution of adenovirus types circulating in Finland over a period of 4 years. The genotypings performed at the Department of Virology, University of Turku, represent 10 to 23% of adenovirus infections diagnosed in Finland each year.

Courtesy of Dr. Minna Ylihärsilä.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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FIGURE 5

Pulmonary histopathology from a patient with a fatal case of adenoviral pneumonia. Characteristic epithelial smudge cells (arrow) show markedly enlarged nuclei containing inclusion bodies surrounded by thin rims of cytoplasm. Inclusion bodies are basophilic or amphophilic when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. Unlike with herpesvirus infections, no syncytia or multinucleated giant cells are present.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig5_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig5.gif
Image of FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5

Pulmonary histopathology from a patient with a fatal case of adenoviral pneumonia. Characteristic epithelial smudge cells (arrow) show markedly enlarged nuclei containing inclusion bodies surrounded by thin rims of cytoplasm. Inclusion bodies are basophilic or amphophilic when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin. Unlike with herpesvirus infections, no syncytia or multinucleated giant cells are present.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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FIGURE 6

Use of adenovirus vaccines and febrile respiratory illness and adenovirus infection rates among United States Army trainees from 1998 to 2013. Reprinted from reference ( ) with permission.

10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig6_thmb.gif
10.1128/9781555819439/9439ch27fig6.gif
Image of FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6

Use of adenovirus vaccines and febrile respiratory illness and adenovirus infection rates among United States Army trainees from 1998 to 2013. Reprinted from reference ( ) with permission.

Citation: Ruuskanen O, Metcalf J, Waris M, Akusjȁrvi G. 2017. Adenoviruses, p 575-597. In Richman D, Whitley R, Hayden F (ed), Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819439.ch27
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