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Category: Clinical Microbiology; Environmental Microbiology
Antimicrobial Resistance in Stenotrophomonas spp., Page 1 of 2
< Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819804/9781555819798_Chap19-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/10.1128/9781555819804/9781555819798_Chap19-2.gifAbstract:
The genus Stenotrophomonas comprises 16 characterized species ( Table 1 ), and 13 validated species are included in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( 1 ). The first Stenotrophomonas species—Stenotrophomonas maltophilia—was isolated in 1943 from human pleural fluid. It was classified as Bacterium bookeri and subsequently renamed Pseudomonas maltophilia/Xanthomonas maltophilia ( 1 , 2 ). Another 12 Stenotrophomonas species were first identified residing in soil, sewage, or plants. Of the remaining three species, Stenotrophomonas sp. D-1 and Stenotrophomonas koreensis were first isolated from deer fur and animal compost, respectively, and Stenotrophomonas africana was initially isolated from a sample of cerebrospinal fluid from a human immunodeficiency virus seropositive Rwandan refugee with primary meningoencephalitis ( 3 ). S. maltophilia is the most widely distributed bacterium of the Stenotrophomonas spp. in the environment and is isolated from soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. Moreover, the number of nosocomial infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen is increasing ( 4 ). Therefore, various studies of Stenotrophomonas in both animals and humans focus on the emergence, infections, treatment, and antimicrobial resistance of S. maltophilia as an opportunistic pathogen ( 4 , 5 ). The main purpose of this article is to describe the antimicrobial resistance of S. maltophilia isolated from animals.
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Linear representation of the complete GI and its flanking regions in S. maltophilia GZP-Sm1. The regions in gray represent the flanking regions of the GI when inserted into the bacterial chromosome. The arrows indicate the directions of gene transcription, and truncated genes are indicated by rectangles without arrowheads. Genes are depicted in different colors, and the regions of particular relevance (≥95% nucleotide sequence identity) are indicated by the dotted lines ( 33 ).
Characterization of Stenotrophomonas species
Antimicrobial resistance of S. maltophilia isolated from animals and animal products
Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of S. maltophilia a