Tuberculosis in Enclosed Populations

Sorana Segal-Maurer

doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0041-2017

Chapter 14 : Tuberculosis in Enclosed Populations

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Affiliations: 1: The Dr. James J. Rahal Jr. Division of Infectious Diseases, NewYork-Presbyterian/Queens, Flushing, NY 11355; 2: Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065

Content Type: Monograph

Publication Year: 2017

Category: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Clinical Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555819866

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0041-2017

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Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) transmission in enclosed environments was responsible for large outbreaks during the 1990s. These occurred primarily among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, homeless shelter residents, jail and prison inmates, acute-care facility in-patients, long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, and health care workers (HCWs). Risk factors which contributed include decay in public health infrastructure, rise of HIV infection (with limited highly active antiretroviral treatments), increase in the number of homeless persons, immigration from countries with high TB incidence, HCWs’ decreased vigilance, and few existing adequate airborne isolation facilities. The resulting major public health efforts to upgrade facilities in hospitals and jails, provide directly observed treatment (DOT), and educate HCWs and the public all led to a dramatic decrease in new TB cases, especially multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), from 10.5 cases per 100,000 in 1992 to 3.0 cases per 100,000 in 2015 ( 1 ).

Citation: Segal-Maurer S. 2017. Tuberculosis in Enclosed Populations, p 237-259. In Schlossberg D (ed), Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, Seventh Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0041-2017

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Tables

Tuberculosis in Enclosed Populations

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Table 1

Factors contributing to nosocomial outbreaks of MDR-TB, 1990s a

Table 1

Factors contributing to nosocomial outbreaks of MDR-TB, 1990s a

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Table 2

Factors contributing to TB outbreaks in correctional facilities, 1990s a

Table 2

Factors contributing to TB outbreaks in correctional facilities, 1990s a

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Table 3

Factors contributing to TB outbreaks in shelters and SRO hotels, 1990s a

Table 3

Factors contributing to TB outbreaks in shelters and SRO hotels, 1990s a

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Table 4

Risk factors for spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in LTCFs, 1990s a

Table 4

Risk factors for spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in LTCFs, 1990s a

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Table 5

Criteria for M. tuberculosis AII a

Table 5

Criteria for M. tuberculosis AII a

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Table 6

Ongoing risk for spread of M. tuberculosis a

Table 6

Ongoing risk for spread of M. tuberculosis a