Diet, Health, and the Gut Microbiota

Cian J. Hill; Francesca de Filippis; Ian B. Jeffery

doi:10.1128/9781555819972.ch31

Chapter 31 : Diet, Health, and the Gut Microbiota

Authors: Cian J. Hill¹, Francesca de Filippis², Ian B. Jeffery³

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Affiliations: 1: Janssen Human Microbiome Institute, Johnson & Johnson Innovation Centre, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 2: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy; 3: Department of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

Content Type: Reference

Publication Year: 2019

Category: Food Microbiology

Book DOI: 10.1128/9781555819972

Chapter DOI: 10.1128/9781555819972.ch31

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Abstract:

This chapter details well-established ideas within the microbiome field relating to the interplay between our microbiota and diet and their associations with long-term health over the course of our lives. The chapter details what the microbiota and microbiome are, how the microbiota is established, and how nutrition plays a major role in the progression of the microbiota throughout our lives. Initially the chapter details the establishment of the microbiota and the influence of early-life diet. It characterizes the progression to a more adult-like microbiota due to dietary changes and places the adult microbiota in the context of the different dietary and lifestyle choices we make as adults, the influence these have on our body mass index, and how this may influence our health. Finally, we detail the effect of diet and the microbiota on our health as we reach an advanced age and how the microbiota may be maintained or modulated through diet.

Citation: Hill C, de Filippis F, Jeffery I. 2019. Diet, Health, and the Gut Microbiota, p 815-829. In Doyle M, Diez-Gonzalez F, Hill C (ed), Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers, 5th Edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC. doi: 10.1128/9781555819972.ch31

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Diet, Health, and the Gut Microbiota

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Figure 31.1

Factors influencing the establishment of the infant microbiota. The development of the microbiota from the womb to adult-like functional maturity as a toddler is influenced by a myriad of factors. An overview of some of the current knowledge surrounding this developmental process is outlined conceptually.

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Figure 31.1

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Figure 31.2

Microbiome-diet interaction. The type of diet consumed affects the quantity and nature of the microbial metabolites produced. These metabolites can have beneficial or deleterious effects on the host. NOCs, N-nitroso compounds.

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Figure 31.2

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