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Chapter 10 : Preventing Plagues: Immunization
Author:
Irwin W. Sherman1
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Affiliations:
1: Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California
Content Type: Trade
Publication Year:
2017
Category: History of Science; General Interest
Book DOI:
10.1128/9781683670018
Chapter DOI:
10.1128/9781683670018.ch10
MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.
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Preventing Plagues: Immunization, Page 1 of 2
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Abstract:
The year was 430 b.c., and Athens was being devastated by a plague. The Greek historian Thucydides wrote:
The infection first began, it is said, in parts of Ethiopia above Egypt and thence descended into Egypt and Libya and into most of the king’s country (i.e., Persia). Suddenly falling upon Athens, it first attacked the population in Piraeus … and afterwards appeared in the upper city, when the deaths became more frequent. Fear of gods or laws of men there was none to restrain them. As for the first, they judged it to be just the same whether they worshipped them or not, as they saw all alike perishing. As for the latter, no one expected to live to be brought to trial for his offenses … even the most staid and respectable citizens devoted themselves to nothing but gluttony, drunkenness and licentiousness.
Figures
Preventing Plagues: Immunization
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Figure 10.1
Immunization against measles. Courtesy CDC/Amanda Mills, 2011.
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Figure 10.1
Immunization against measles. Courtesy CDC/Amanda Mills, 2011.
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Figure 10.2
The immune system consists of tissues containing lymphocytes and lymphatic vessels that transport the cells from the lymphatic tissues and the antibodies secreted by lymphocytes returning them to the bloodstream via the lymphatic and the thoracic duct in the neck region. Lymphocytes are manufactured in bone marrow and multiply in the thymus, the spleen and the lymph nodes.
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Figure 10.2
The immune system consists of tissues containing lymphocytes and lymphatic vessels that transport the cells from the lymphatic tissues and the antibodies secreted by lymphocytes returning them to the bloodstream via the lymphatic and the thoracic duct in the neck region. Lymphocytes are manufactured in bone marrow and multiply in the thymus, the spleen and the lymph nodes.
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Figure 10.3 (A)
Neutrophil with blood platelet (arrow) Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #6645/Dr. F. Gilbert, 1972;
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Figure 10.3 (A)
Neutrophil with blood platelet (arrow) Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #6645/Dr. F. Gilbert, 1972;
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Figure 10.3 (B)
Eosinophil, basophil and lymphocyte Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #15133/Dr. Candler Ballard, 1974;
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Figure 10.3 (B)
Eosinophil, basophil and lymphocyte Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #15133/Dr. Candler Ballard, 1974;
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Figure 10.3 (C)
Monocyte. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #12084/Dr. Mae Melvin, 1965.
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Figure 10.3 (C)
Monocyte. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #12084/Dr. Mae Melvin, 1965.
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Figure 10.4
Detail from the 1812 painting “El Garratillo” (The Strangler), attributed to Francisco de Goya (1746-1828). The bearded man is attempting to remove the adherent membrane in the throat that is blocking the breathing of the child. Courtesy Wikimedia Commons.
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Figure 10.4
Detail from the 1812 painting “El Garratillo” (The Strangler), attributed to Francisco de Goya (1746-1828). The bearded man is attempting to remove the adherent membrane in the throat that is blocking the breathing of the child. Courtesy Wikimedia Commons.
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Figure 10.5
Digitally colored transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of H1N1 influenza virus particle. Surface proteins are shown in black. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #18156/ NIAID, 2013.
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Figure 10.5
Digitally colored transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of H1N1 influenza virus particle. Surface proteins are shown in black. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #18156/ NIAID, 2013.
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Figure 10.6b
Child with 4 day rash of measles. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #132/NIP/Barbara Rice.
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Figure 10.6b
Child with 4 day rash of measles. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #132/NIP/Barbara Rice.
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Figure 10.6a
Measles virus as seen with the transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #10707/C. Goldsmith/W. Bellini.
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Figure 10.6a
Measles virus as seen with the transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #10707/C. Goldsmith/W. Bellini.
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Figure 10.7a
Mumps virus negatively stained and viewed by transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #8578/F.A. Murphy, 1973.
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Figure 10.7a
Mumps virus negatively stained and viewed by transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #8578/F.A. Murphy, 1973.
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Figure 10.7b
Child with mumps. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #130, 1976.
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Figure 10.7b
Child with mumps. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #130, 1976.
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Figure 10.8a
Transmission electron micrograph of chicken pox virus. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #1878/Erskine Palmer, B. G. Partin, 1982.
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Figure 10.8a
Transmission electron micrograph of chicken pox virus. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #1878/Erskine Palmer, B. G. Partin, 1982.
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Figure 10.8b
Child with chicken pox. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons, 1995.
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Figure 10.8b
Child with chicken pox. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons, 1995.
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Figure 10.9a
President Franklin Roosevelt confined to a wheelchair due to contracting polio in 1921 at age 39. By FDR Presidential Library & Museum photograph by Margaret Suckley - 73-113 61, CC BY 2.0.
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Figure 10.9a
President Franklin Roosevelt confined to a wheelchair due to contracting polio in 1921 at age 39. By FDR Presidential Library & Museum photograph by Margaret Suckley - 73-113 61, CC BY 2.0.
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Figure 10.9b
Polio virus as seen with the transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #1875/Dr. Fred Murphy, Sylvia Whitfield, 1975.
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Figure 10.9b
Polio virus as seen with the transmission electron microscope. Courtesy CDC Public Health Image Library #1875/Dr. Fred Murphy, Sylvia Whitfield, 1975.
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Figure 10.9c
A 1957 March of Dimes poster for the polio vaccine campaign. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons.
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Figure 10.9c
A 1957 March of Dimes poster for the polio vaccine campaign. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons.
References
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