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EcoSal Plus

Domain 4:

Synthesis and Processing of Macromolecules

Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and

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  • Authors: Jens Hör1, Gianluca Matera2, Jörg Vogel3,4, Susan Gottesman5, and Gisela Storz6
  • Editors: Susan T. Lovett7, Deborah Hinton8
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; 2: Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; 3: Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; 4: Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), 97080 Würzburg, Germany; 5: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; 6: Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892; 7: Brandeis University, Waltham, MA; 8: Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
  • Received 23 November 2019 Accepted 03 January 2020 Published 20 March 2020
  • Address correspondence to Jörg Vogel, [email protected]; Susan Gottesman, [email protected]; Gisela Storz, [email protected]
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  • Abstract:

    The last few decades have led to an explosion in our understanding of the major roles that small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play in regulatory circuits and the responses to stress in many bacterial species. Much of the foundational work was carried out with and serovar Typhimurium. The studies of these organisms provided an overview of how the sRNAs function and their impact on bacterial physiology, serving as a blueprint for sRNA biology in many other prokaryotes. They also led to the development of new technologies. In this chapter, we first summarize how these sRNAs were identified, defining them in the process. We discuss how they are regulated and how they act and provide selected examples of their roles in regulatory circuits and the consequences of this regulation. Throughout, we summarize the methodologies that were developed to identify and study the regulatory RNAs, most of which are applicable to other bacteria. Newly updated databases of the known sRNAs in K-12 and Typhimurium SL1344 serve as a reference point for much of the discussion and, hopefully, as a resource for readers and for future experiments to address open questions raised in this review.

  • Citation: Hör J, Matera G, Vogel J, Gottesman S, Storz G. 2020. Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and , EcoSal Plus 2020; doi:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019

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/content/journal/ecosalplus/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019
2020-03-20
2021-02-28

Abstract:

The last few decades have led to an explosion in our understanding of the major roles that small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play in regulatory circuits and the responses to stress in many bacterial species. Much of the foundational work was carried out with and serovar Typhimurium. The studies of these organisms provided an overview of how the sRNAs function and their impact on bacterial physiology, serving as a blueprint for sRNA biology in many other prokaryotes. They also led to the development of new technologies. In this chapter, we first summarize how these sRNAs were identified, defining them in the process. We discuss how they are regulated and how they act and provide selected examples of their roles in regulatory circuits and the consequences of this regulation. Throughout, we summarize the methodologies that were developed to identify and study the regulatory RNAs, most of which are applicable to other bacteria. Newly updated databases of the known sRNAs in K-12 and Typhimurium SL1344 serve as a reference point for much of the discussion and, hopefully, as a resource for readers and for future experiments to address open questions raised in this review.

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Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and
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Citation: Hör J, Matera G, Vogel J, Gottesman S, Storz G. 2020. Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and , EcoSal Plus 2020; doi:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019
/content/ecosalplus/10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019.fig1
Figure 1
Overview of sRNA sources, mechanisms by which their levels and activities are regulated, and mechanisms of action.
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_001_thmb.gif
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_001.gif
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Figure 1

Overview of sRNA sources, mechanisms by which their levels and activities are regulated, and mechanisms of action.

Citation: Hör J, Matera G, Vogel J, Gottesman S, Storz G. 2020. Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and , EcoSal Plus 2020; doi:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019
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Figure 2
Results of some of the approaches (in italics) are shown for the MicL sRNA ( 95 ).
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_002_thmb.gif
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_002.gif
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Figure 2

Results of some of the approaches (in italics) are shown for the MicL sRNA ( 95 ).

Citation: Hör J, Matera G, Vogel J, Gottesman S, Storz G. 2020. Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and , EcoSal Plus 2020; doi:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019
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Figure 3
(A) Response to low iron regulated by RyhB. (B) Bias toward glucose utilization regulated by Spot 42. (C) Outer membrane protein (OMP) synthesis controlled by RybB, MicA, and MicL and inner membrane protein (IMP) synthesis controlled by CpxQ. (D) Regulation of the general stress response by multiple sRNAs. (E) Regulation of the transition between virulence programs in by PinT.
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_003_thmb.gif
ecosalplus/9/1/ESP-0030-2019_fig_003.gif
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Figure 3

(A) Response to low iron regulated by RyhB. (B) Bias toward glucose utilization regulated by Spot 42. (C) Outer membrane protein (OMP) synthesis controlled by RybB, MicA, and MicL and inner membrane protein (IMP) synthesis controlled by CpxQ. (D) Regulation of the general stress response by multiple sRNAs. (E) Regulation of the transition between virulence programs in by PinT.

Citation: Hör J, Matera G, Vogel J, Gottesman S, Storz G. 2020. Trans-Acting Small RNAs and Their Effects on Gene Expression in and , EcoSal Plus 2020; doi:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0030-2019
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