Phage and Yeast Display
- Authors: Jared Sheehan1, Wayne A. Marasco2
- Editors: James E. Crowe Jr.3, Diana Boraschi4, Rino Rappuoli5
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VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONSAffiliations: 1: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; 2: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; 3: Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN; 4: National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; 5: Novartis Vaccines, Siena, Italy
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Received 05 December 2014 Accepted 06 December 2014 Published 06 February 2015
- Correspondence: Wayne A. Marasco, [email protected]

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Abstract:
Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs, the continued development of microbial resistance—established through escape mutations and the emergence of resistant strains—limits their clinical utility. The discovery of novel, therapeutic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offers viable clinical alternatives in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Human mAb-based therapies are typically nontoxic in patients and demonstrate high specificity for the intended microbial target. This specificity prevents negative impacts on the patient microbiome and avoids driving the resistance of nontarget species. The in vitro selection of human antibody fragment libraries displayed on phage or yeast surfaces represents a group of well-established technologies capable of generating human mAbs. The advantage of these forms of microbial display is the large repertoire of human antibody fragments present during a single selection campaign. Furthermore, the in vitro selection environments of microbial surface display allow for the rapid isolation of antibodies—and their encoding genes—against infectious pathogens and their toxins that are impractical within in vivo systems, such as murine hybridomas. This article focuses on the technologies of phage display and yeast display, as these strategies relate to the discovery of human mAbs for the treatment and vaccine development of infectious diseases.
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Citation: Sheehan J, Marasco W. 2015. Phage and Yeast Display. Microbiol Spectrum 3(1):AID-0028-2014. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.AID-0028-2014.




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Abstract:
Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs, the continued development of microbial resistance—established through escape mutations and the emergence of resistant strains—limits their clinical utility. The discovery of novel, therapeutic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offers viable clinical alternatives in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases. Human mAb-based therapies are typically nontoxic in patients and demonstrate high specificity for the intended microbial target. This specificity prevents negative impacts on the patient microbiome and avoids driving the resistance of nontarget species. The in vitro selection of human antibody fragment libraries displayed on phage or yeast surfaces represents a group of well-established technologies capable of generating human mAbs. The advantage of these forms of microbial display is the large repertoire of human antibody fragments present during a single selection campaign. Furthermore, the in vitro selection environments of microbial surface display allow for the rapid isolation of antibodies—and their encoding genes—against infectious pathogens and their toxins that are impractical within in vivo systems, such as murine hybridomas. This article focuses on the technologies of phage display and yeast display, as these strategies relate to the discovery of human mAbs for the treatment and vaccine development of infectious diseases.

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Figures

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FIGURE 1
Overview of phage antibody library production and selections. (A) The phage antibody library repertoire is derived from the B cells of naïve or immune donors. The amplified IGHV and IGLV/IGKV genes are subcloned into a phage display vector for E. coli expression and library production. (B) The phage antibody library is selected against an immobilized target antigen. After washing to remove nonbinders, the Ag-reactive phage antibodies are eluted, amplified, and reselected through subsequent rounds. ELISA screens identify monoclonal, Ag-binding phage antibodies, whose heavy and light chain antibody genes are subcloned into mammalian expression vectors.

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FIGURE 2
Types of phage antibody display. (A) Monovalent display with the scFv or Fab fusion (green circle) to truncated pIII along with wild-type copies of pIII (purple circles). This monovalent mAb display format can also be used with pVII (olive) or pIX (light blue) separately. (B) Multivalent display with the scFv or Fab fusion to all copies of truncated pIII. Multivalent mAb display is also possible with the major coat protein pVIII (black border) separate from pIII. The pVI (red circles) coat proteins are also present in these diagrams.

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FIGURE 3
Overview of yeast antibody display. The scFv (or Fab) is displayed as a fusion product with the Saccharomyces Aga2p protein (light blue). This fusion product can be detected and normalized by fluorescent signaling through the HA tags (orange) and c-Myc tags (dark blue). During FACS selections, the Ag-reactive library variants are detected through the fluorescent avidin tag (pink) on the biotinylated target antigen (red).
Tables

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TABLE 1
Summary of antiviral antibodies discovered using phage display a

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TABLE 2
Summary of antibacterial antibodies discovered using phage display a

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TABLE 3
Summary of antiviral antibodies discovered using yeast display a

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TABLE 4
Summary of antibacterial antibodies discovered using yeast display a
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