Antimicrobial Resistance in Rhodococcus equi
- Authors: Steeve Giguère1, Londa J. Berghaus2, Jennifer M. Willingham-Lane3
- Editors: Frank Møller Aarestrup4, Stefan Schwarz5, Jianzhong Shen6, Lina Cavaco7
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VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONSAffiliations: 1: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605; 2: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605; 3: Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605; 4: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; 5: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt, Germany; 6: China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; 7: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Received 09 December 2016 Accepted 27 September 2017 Published 19 October 2017
- Correspondence: Steeve Giguère, [email protected]

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Abstract:
Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi remains an important cause of disease and death in foals. The combination of a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) with rifampin has been the recommended treatment for foals with clinical signs of infection caused by R. equi since the early 1980s with, until recently, only rare reports of resistance. Resistance to macrolides and rifampin in isolates of R. equi cultured from horses is increasing, with isolates resistant to all macrolides and rifampin now being cultured from up to 40% of infected foals at some farms. This text reviews the available data regarding antimicrobial resistance in R. equi, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of the recent emergence of resistance to macrolides and rifampin in equine isolates of R. equi.
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Citation: Giguère S, Berghaus L, Willingham-Lane J. 2017. Antimicrobial Resistance in Rhodococcus equi. Microbiol Spectrum 5(5):ARBA-0004-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.ARBA-0004-2016.




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Abstract:
Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi remains an important cause of disease and death in foals. The combination of a macrolide (erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin) with rifampin has been the recommended treatment for foals with clinical signs of infection caused by R. equi since the early 1980s with, until recently, only rare reports of resistance. Resistance to macrolides and rifampin in isolates of R. equi cultured from horses is increasing, with isolates resistant to all macrolides and rifampin now being cultured from up to 40% of infected foals at some farms. This text reviews the available data regarding antimicrobial resistance in R. equi, with emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of the recent emergence of resistance to macrolides and rifampin in equine isolates of R. equi.

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Tables

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TABLE 1
MIC data for R. equi isolates susceptible to macrolides and rifampin a

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TABLE 2
Mutations in the rpoB gene associated with rifampin resistance in R. equi a
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