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The Genomic Basis of Lactobacilli as Health-Promoting Organisms

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  • Authors: Elisa Salvetti1, Paul W. O’Toole2
  • Editors: Robert Allen Britton3, Patrice D. Cani4
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; 2: School of Microbiology and APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; 3: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; 4: Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
    • Source: microbiolspec June 2017 vol. 5 no. 3 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016
  • Received 12 January 2017 Accepted 21 February 2017 Published 23 June 2017
  • Paul W. O’Toole, [email protected]
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  • Abstract:

    Lactobacilli occupy a unique position in human culture and scientific history. Like brewer’s and baker’s yeast, lactobacilli have been associated with food production and preservation for thousands of years. species are used in mixed microbial cultures, such as the classical / inoculum for yogurt fermentation, or combinations of diverse lactobacilli/yeasts in kefir grains. The association of lactobacilli consumption with greater longevity and improved health formed the basis for developing lactobacilli as probiotics, whose market has exploded worldwide in the past 10 years. The decade that followed the determination of the first genome sequence of a food-associated species, , saw the application to lactobacilli of a full range of functional genomics methods to identify the genes and gene products that govern their distinctive phenotypes and health associations. In this review, we will briefly remind the reader of the range of beneficial effects attributed to lactobacilli, and then explain the phylogenomic basis for the distribution of these traits across the genus. Recognizing the strain specificity of probiotic effects, we review studies of intraspecific genomic variation and their contributions to identifying probiotic traits. Finally we offer a perspective on classification of lactobacilli into new genera in a scheme that will make attributing probiotic properties to clades, taxa, and species more logical and more robust.

  • Citation: Salvetti E, O’Toole P. 2017. The Genomic Basis of Lactobacilli as Health-Promoting Organisms. Microbiol Spectrum 5(3):BAD-0011-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016.

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2017-06-23
2020-10-29

Abstract:

Lactobacilli occupy a unique position in human culture and scientific history. Like brewer’s and baker’s yeast, lactobacilli have been associated with food production and preservation for thousands of years. species are used in mixed microbial cultures, such as the classical / inoculum for yogurt fermentation, or combinations of diverse lactobacilli/yeasts in kefir grains. The association of lactobacilli consumption with greater longevity and improved health formed the basis for developing lactobacilli as probiotics, whose market has exploded worldwide in the past 10 years. The decade that followed the determination of the first genome sequence of a food-associated species, , saw the application to lactobacilli of a full range of functional genomics methods to identify the genes and gene products that govern their distinctive phenotypes and health associations. In this review, we will briefly remind the reader of the range of beneficial effects attributed to lactobacilli, and then explain the phylogenomic basis for the distribution of these traits across the genus. Recognizing the strain specificity of probiotic effects, we review studies of intraspecific genomic variation and their contributions to identifying probiotic traits. Finally we offer a perspective on classification of lactobacilli into new genera in a scheme that will make attributing probiotic properties to clades, taxa, and species more logical and more robust.

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The Genomic Basis of Lactobacilli as Health-Promoting Organisms
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Citation: Salvetti E, O’Toole P. 2017. The genomic basis of lactobacilli as health-promoting organisms. microbiolspec 5(3): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016.fig1
FIGURE 1
Publication numbers by year using search terms (lactobacillus probiotic) in PubMed. Search performed 13 July 2016.
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FIGURE 1

Publication numbers by year using search terms (lactobacillus probiotic) in PubMed. Search performed 13 July 2016.

Source: microbiolspec June 2017 vol. 5 no. 3 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016
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The Genomic Basis of Lactobacilli as Health-Promoting Organisms
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Citation: Salvetti E, O’Toole P. 2017. The genomic basis of lactobacilli as health-promoting organisms. microbiolspec 5(3): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016.T1
TABLE 1
Selected examples of probiotic traits in lactobacilli
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TABLE 1

Selected examples of probiotic traits in lactobacilli

Source: microbiolspec June 2017 vol. 5 no. 3 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016.T2
TABLE 2
Species for which strains have been ascribed probiotic properties and related applications (according to references 38 and 39 )
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TABLE 2

Species for which strains have been ascribed probiotic properties and related applications (according to references 38 and 39 )

Source: microbiolspec June 2017 vol. 5 no. 3 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0011-2016

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