Chronic Hepatitis B, C, and D
- Authors: Bryan R. Cobb1, Alexandra Valsamakis2
- Editors: Randall T. Hayden3, Donna M. Wolk4, Karen C. Carroll5, Yi-Wei Tang6
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VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONSAffiliations: 1: Roche Diagnostics Corporation, Indianapolis, IN 46250; 2: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287; 3: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; 4: Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA; 5: Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, MD; 6: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY
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Received 21 December 2015 Accepted 06 April 2016 Published 22 July 2016
- Correspondence: Bryan R. Cobb, [email protected]

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Abstract:
Chronic hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised individuals. To contextualize discussion of these infections in immunocompromised patients, this paper provides an overview of aspects of infection in normal hosts. It then describes differences in disease, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic management observed in immunocompromised patients.
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Citation: Cobb B, Valsamakis A. 2016. Chronic Hepatitis B, C, and D. Microbiol Spectrum 4(4):DMIH2-0025-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0025-2015.




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Abstract:
Chronic hepatitis B, C, and D virus infections contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of immunocompromised individuals. To contextualize discussion of these infections in immunocompromised patients, this paper provides an overview of aspects of infection in normal hosts. It then describes differences in disease, diagnostic testing, and therapeutic management observed in immunocompromised patients.

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Figures

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FIGURE 1
Key HBV virion components.

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FIGURE 4
CDC testing algorithm for the identification of patients with CHC. Adapted from reference ( 13 ).

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FIGURE 6
Regimens currently recommended for treatment of CHC ( 7 ).

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FIGURE 7
Current recommendations for viral load monitoring during treatment for CHC ( 7 ).
Tables

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TABLE 1
Characteristics of hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) viruses

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TABLE 2
Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection

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TABLE 3
Serologic and molecular test results in typical acute, resolved, and chronic hepatitis B a

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TABLE 4
CHB phases, associated serologic and molecular test results, and HBV disease risk during pharmacologic immunocompromise

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TABLE 5
HBV genotype distribution worldwide

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TABLE 6
Current treatments for CHB

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TABLE 7
HBV-infected individuals at risk of HBV reactivation/exacerbation after pharmacologic immunosuppression and associated laboratory results during reactivation/exacerbation a

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TABLE 8
Testing for hepatitis C virus: types of assays (specimens), indications, result interpretations

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TABLE 9
FDA-approved DAA-containing therapies for HCV

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TABLE 10
Definitions used in assessing quantitative HCV RNA test results

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TABLE 11
Interpretations of quantitative HCV RNA test results
Supplemental Material
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