1887
No metrics data to plot.
The attempt to load metrics for this article has failed.
The attempt to plot a graph for these metrics has failed.

Clinical Studies of O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.
  • XML
    64.71 Kb
  • PDF
    236.56 Kb
  • HTML
    64.25 Kb
  • Authors: Shousun Chen Szu1, Amina Ahmed2
  • Editors: Vanessa Sperandio3, Carolyn J. Hovde4
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2: Levine Children's Specialty Center—Pediatric Infectious Disease, Carolina Medical Centers, Charlotte, NC 28203; 3: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; 4: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
    • Source: microbiolspec November 2014 vol. 2 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
  • Received 26 August 2013 Accepted 27 August 2013 Published 07 November 2014
  • Shousun C. Szu, [email protected]
image of Clinical Studies of <span class="jp-italic">Escherichia coli</span> O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children
    Preview this microbiology spectrum article:
    Preview Magnify
    Zoom in
    Zoomout

    Clinical Studies of O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children, Page 1 of 2

    | /docserver/preview/fulltext/microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-2.gif

  • Abstract:

    Pediatric immunization has been the most effective measure to prevent and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. The recent inclusion of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugates in infant immunization further reinforces their importance. Currently there is no human vaccine against enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) infections. This review focuses on the human EHEC vaccine that has been studied clinically, in particular, the polysaccharide conjugate against 157. The surface polysaccharide antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, was linked to rEPA, recombinant exotoxin A of . In adults and children 2 to 5 years old, O157-rEPA conjugates, shown to be safe, induced high levels of antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G with bactericidal activities against O157, a functional bioassay that mimics the killing of inoculum in vivo. A similar construct using the B subunit of Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 as the carrier protein elicited both bactericidal and toxin-neutralizing antibodies in mice.

    So far there is no clinical study of Stx-based human vaccine. Passive immunization of Stx-specific antibodies with humanized, chimeric, or human monoclonal antibodies, produced in transgenic mice, showed promising data in animal models and offered high prospects. Demonstrations of their safety and effectiveness in treating hemolytic-uremic syndrome or patients with EHEC infections are under way, and results are much anticipated.

    For future development, other virulence factors such as the nontoxic Stx B subunit or intimin should be included, either as carrier protein in conjugates or as independent components. The additional antigens from O157 may provide broader coverage to non-O157 Stx-producing and facilitate both preventive and therapeutic treatment.

  • Citation: Szu S, Ahmed A. 2014. Clinical Studies of O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children. Microbiol Spectrum 2(6):EHEC-0016-2013. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013.

References

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006. Ongoing multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of fresh spinach—United States, September 2006. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 55:1045–1046. [PubMed]
2. Page AV, Liles WC. 2013. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Med Clin N Am 97:681–695. [PubMed][CrossRef]
3. Kassenborg HD, Hedberg CW, Hoekstra M, Evans MC, Chin AE, Marcus R, Vugia DJ, Smith K, Ahuja SD, Slutsker L, Griffin PM, Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group. 2004. Farm visits and undercooked hamburgers as major risk factors for sporadic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection: data from a case-control study in 5 FoodNet sites. Clin Infect Dis 38 Suppl 3 :S271–S278. [PubMed][CrossRef]
4. Goode B, O'Reilly C, Dunn J, Fullerton K, Smith S, Ghneim G, Keen J, Durso L, Davies M, Montgomery S. 2009. Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections after petting zoo visits, North Carolina State Fair, October-November 2004. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 163:42–48. [PubMed][CrossRef]
5. Durak MZ, Churey JJ, Worobo RW. 2012. Efficacy of UV, acidified sodium hypochlorite, and mild heat for decontamination of surface and infiltrated Escherichia coli O157:H7 on green onions and baby spinach. J Food Prot 75:1198–1206. [PubMed][CrossRef]
6. Sheng H, Lim JY, Knecht HJ, Li J, Hovde CJ. 2006. Role of Escherichia coli O157:H7 virulence factors in colonization at the bovine terminal rectal mucosa. Infect Immun 74:4685–4693. [PubMed][CrossRef]
7. Varela NP, Dick P, Wilson J. 2012. Assessing the existing information on the efficacy of bovine vaccination against Escherichia coli O157:H7—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Zoonoses Public Health 60:253–268. [PubMed][CrossRef]
8. Teunis P, Takumi K, Shinagawa K. 2004. Dose response for infection by Escherichia coli O157:H7 from outbreak data. Risk Anal 24:401–407. [PubMed][CrossRef]
9. Reymond D, Johnson RP, Karmali MA, Petric M, Winkler M, Johnson S, Rahn K, Renwick S, Wilson J, Clarke RC, Spika J. 1996. Neutralizing antibodies to Escherichia coli Vero cytotoxin 1 and antibodies to O157 lipopolysaccharide in healthy farm family members and urban residents. J Clin Microbiol 34:2053–2057. [PubMed]
10. Navarro A, Eslava C, Hernandez U, Navarro-Henze JL, Aviles M, Garcia-de la Torre G, Cravioto A. 2003. Antibody responses to Escherichia coli O157 and other lipopolysaccharides in healthy children and adults. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 10:797–801. [PubMed]
11. Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Szu SC. 1995. Perspective: hypothesis: serum IgG antibody is sufficient to confer protection against infectious diseases by inactivating the inoculum (Review). J Infect Dis 171:1387–1398. [PubMed][CrossRef]
12. Passwell JH, Ashkenzi S, Banet-Levi Y, Ramon-Saraf R, Farzam N, Lerner-Geva L, Even-Nir H, Yerushalmi B, Chu C, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Israeli Shigella Study Group. 2010. Age-related efficacy of Shigella O-specific polysaccharide conjugates in 1-4-year-old Israeli children. Vaccine 28:2231–2235. [PubMed][CrossRef]
13. Konadu EY, Lin FY, Hó VA, Thuy NT, Van Bay P, Thanh TC, Khiem HB, Trach DD, Karpas AB, Li J, Bryla DA, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 2000. Phase 1 and phase 2 studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A O-specific polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates in adults, teenagers, and 2- to 4-year-old children in Vietnam. Infect Immun 68:1529–1534. [PubMed][CrossRef]
14. Hayashi T, Makino K, Ohnishi M, Kurokawa K, Ishii K, Yokoyama K, Han CG, Ohtsubo E, Nakayama K, Murata T, Tanaka M, Tobe T, Iida T, Takami H, Honda T, Sasakawa C, Ogasawara N, Yasunaga T, Kuhara S, Shiba T, Hattori M, Shinagawa H. 2001. Complete genome sequence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and genomic comparison with a laboratory strain K-12. DNA Res 8:11–22. (Erratum, 8:96.) [PubMed][CrossRef]
15. Zhang Y, Lin K. 2012. A phylogenomic analysis of Escherichia coli/ Shigella group: implications of genomic features associated with pathogenicity and ecological adaptation. BMC Evol Biol 12:174. [PubMed][CrossRef]
16. Konadu E, Parke JC Jr, Donohue-Rolfe A, Calderwood SB, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 1998. Synthesis and immunologic properties of O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for prevention and treatment of infections with Escherichia coli O157 and other causes of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, p 419–424. In Kaper JB, O'Brien AD (ed), Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Other Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Strains. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
17. Konadu E, Robbins JB, Shiloach J, Bryla DA, Szu SC. 1994. Preparation, characterization, and immunological properties in mice of Escherichia coli O157 O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Infect Immun 62:5048–5054. [PubMed]
18. Konadu EY, Parke JC Jr, Tran HT, Bryla DA, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 1998. Investigational vaccine for Escherichia coli O157: phase 1 study of O157 O-specific polysaccharide- Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant exoprotein A conjugates in adults. J Infect Dis 177:383–387. [PubMed][CrossRef]
19. Ahmed A, Li J, Shiloach Y, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 2006. Safety and immunogenicity of Escherichia coli O157 O-specific polysaccharide conjugate vaccine in 2-5-year-old children. J Infect Dis 193:515–521. [PubMed][CrossRef]
20. Chow SK, Casadevall A. 2012. Monoclonal antibodies and toxins—a perspective on function and isotype. Toxins (Basel) 4:430–454. [PubMed][CrossRef]
21. Szu SC, Taylor DN, Trofa AC, Clements JD, Shiloach J, Sadoff JC, Bryla DA, Robbins JB. 1994. Laboratory and preliminary clinical characterization of Vi capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Infect Immun 62:4440–4444. [PubMed]
22. Chart H, Rowe B. 1993. Antibody cross-reactions with lipopolysaccharide from E. coli O157 after cholera vaccination. Lancet 341:1282. [PubMed][CrossRef]
23. Nichiuchi Y, Doe M, Hotta H, Kobayashi K. 2000. Structure and serologic properties of O-specific polysaccharide from Citrobacter freundii possessing cross-reactivity with Escherichia coli O157:H7. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 28:163–171. [PubMed][CrossRef]
24. Chart H, Cheasty T, Cope D, Gross RJ, Rowe B. 1991. The serological relationship between Yersinia enterocolitica O9 and Escherichia coli O157 using sera from patients with yersiniosis and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Epidemiol Infect 107:349–356. [PubMed][CrossRef]
25. DiFabio JL, Perry MB, Bundle DR. 1987. Analysis of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas maltophilia 555. Biochem Cell Biol 65:968–977. [PubMed][CrossRef]
26. Samuel G, Hogbin JP, Wang L, Reeves PR. 2004. Relationships of the Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O55 O-antigen gene clusters with those of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii, which express identical O antigens. J Bacteriol 186–6536–6543. [PubMed]
27. Bettelheim KA, Evangelidis H, Pearce JL, Sowers E, Strockbine NA. 1993. Isolation of a Citrobacter freundii strain which carries the Escherichia coli O157 antigen. J Clin Microbiol 31:760–761. [PubMed]
28. Vinogradov E, Conlan JW, Perry MB. 2000. Serological cross-reaction between the lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide antigens of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and strains of Citrobacter freundii and Citrobacter sedlakii. FEMS Microbiol Lett 190:157–161. [PubMed][CrossRef]
29. Cohen D, Ashkenazi S, Green MS, Gdalevich M, Robin G, Slepon R, Yavzori M, Orr N, Block C, Ashkenazi I, Shemer J, Taylor DN, Hale TL, Sadoff JC, Pavliakova D, Schneerson R, Robbins JB. 1997. Double-blind vaccine-controlled randomised efficacy trial of an investigational Shigella sonnei conjugate vaccine in young adults. Lancet 349:155–159. [PubMed][CrossRef]
30. Espié E, Grimont F, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Bouvet P, Haeghebaert S, Filliol I, Loirat C, Decludt B, Minh NN, Vaillant V, de Valk H. 2008. Surveillance of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children less than 15 years of age, a system to monitor O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in France, 1996–2006. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27:595–601. [PubMed][CrossRef]
31. Eklund M, Nuorti JP, Ruutu P, Siitonen A. 2005. Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) infections in Finland during 1998–2002: a population-based surveillance study. Epidemiol Infect 133:845–852. [PubMed][CrossRef]
32. Proctor ME, Davis JP. 2000. Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in Wisconsin, 1992–1999. WMJ 99:32–37. [PubMed]
33. Gill CJ, Ram S, Welsch JA, Detora L, Anemona A. 2011. Correlation between serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y measured using human versus rabbit serum as the complement source. Vaccine 30:29–34. [PubMed][CrossRef]
34. Watson DC, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 1992. Protection of mice against Salmonella typhimurium with an O-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. Infect Immun 60:4679–4686. [PubMed]
35. Mohawk KL, Melton-Celsa AR, Robinson CM, O'Brien AD. 2010. Neutralizing antibodies to Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) reduce colonization of mice by Stx2-expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7. Vaccine 28:4777–4785. [PubMed][CrossRef]
36. Konadu E, Donohue-Rolfe A, Calderwood SB, Pozsgay V, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Szu SC. 1999. Syntheses and immunologic properties of Escherichia coli O157 O-specific polysaccharide and Shiga toxin 1 B subunit conjugates in mice. Infect Immun 67:6191–6193. [PubMed]
37. Marcato P, Griener TP, Mulvey GL, Armstrong GD. 2005. Recombinant Shiga toxin B-subunit-keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine protects mice from Shigatoxemia. Infect Immun 73:6523–6529. [PubMed][CrossRef]
38. Perera LP, Samuel JE, Holmes RK, O'Brien AD. 1991. Identification of three amino acid residues in the B subunit of Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin type II that are essential for holotoxin activity. J Bacteriol 173:1151–1160. [PubMed]
39. Suhan ML, Hovde CJ. 1998. Disruption of an internal membrane-spanning region in Shiga toxin 1 reduces cytotoxicity. Infect Immun 66:5252–5259. [PubMed]
40. Miyashita A, Iyoda S, Ishii K, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Kaito C. 2012. Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 is required for killing both insects and mammals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 333:59–68. [PubMed][CrossRef]
41. Bergan J, Dyve Lingelem AB, Simm R, Skotland T, Sandvig K. 2012. Shiga toxins. Toxicon 60:1085–1107. [PubMed][CrossRef]
42. Melton-Celsa A, Mohawk K, Teel L, O'Brien A. 2012. Pathogenesis of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 357:67–103. [PubMed][CrossRef]
43. Amani J, Mousavi SL, Rafati S, Salmanian AH. 2011. Immunogenicity of a plant-derived edible chimeric EspA, Intimin and Tir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice. Plant Sci 180:620–627. [PubMed][CrossRef]
44. Judge NA, Mason HS, O'Brien AD. 2004. Plant cell-based intimin vaccine given orally to mice primed with intimin reduces time of Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in feces. Infect Immun 72:168–175. [PubMed][CrossRef]
45. Zangari T, Melton-Celsa AR, Panda A, Boisen N, Smith MA, Taratov I, De Tolla LJ, Nataro JP, O'Brien AD. 2013. Virulence of the Shiga toxin type 2-expressing Escherichia coli O104:H4 German outbreak isolate in two animal models. Infect Immun 81:1562–1574. [PubMed][CrossRef]
46. Menne J, Nitschke M, Stingele R, Abu-Tair M, Beneke J, Bramstedt J, Bremer JP, Brunkhorst R, Busch V, Dengler R, Deuschl G, Fellermann K, Fickenscher H, Gerigk C, Goettsche A, Greeve J, Hafer C, Hagenmüller F, Haller H, Herget-Rosenthal S, Hertenstein B, Hofmann C, Lang M, Kielstein JT, Klostermeier UC, Knobloch J, Kuehbacher M, Kunzendorf U, Lehnert H, Manns MP, Menne TF, Meyer TN, Michael C, Münte T, Neumann-Grutzeck C, Nuernberger J, Pavenstaedt H, Ramazan L, Renders L, Repenthin J, Ries W, Rohr A, Rump LC, Samuelsson O, Sayk F, Schmidt BM, Schnatter S, Schöcklmann H, Schreiber S, von Seydewitz CU, Steinhoff J, Stracke S, Suerbaum S, van de Loo A, Vischedyk M, Weissenborn K, Wellhöner P, Wiesner M, Zeissig S, Büning J, Schiffer M, Kuehbacher T; EHEC-HUS consortium. 2012. Validation of treatment strategies for enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome: case-control study. BMJ 345:e4565. [PubMed][CrossRef]
47. Kielstein JT, Beutel G, Fleig S, Steinhoff J, Meyer TN, Hafer C, Kuhlmann U, Bramstedt J, Panzer U, Vischedyk M, Busch V, Ries W, Mitzner S, Mees S, Stracke S, Nürnberger J, Gerke P, Wiesner M, Sucke B, Abu-Tair M, Kribben A, Klause N, Schindler R, Merkel F, Schnatter S, Dorresteijn EM, Samuelsson O, Brunkhorst R; Collaborators of the DGfN STEC-HUS registry. 2012. Best supportive care and therapeutic plasma exchange with or without eculizumab in Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 induced haemolytic-uraemic syndrome: an analysis of the German STEC-HUS registry. Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:3807–3815. [PubMed][CrossRef]
48. Tzipori S, Sheoran A, Akiyoshi D, Donohue-Rolfe A, Trachtman H. 2004. Antibody therapy in the management of Shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev 17:926–941. [PubMed][CrossRef]
49. Sheoran AS, Chapman-Bonofiglio S, Harvey BR, Mukherjee J, Georgiou G, Donohue-Rolfe A, Tzipori S. 2005. Human antibody against Shiga toxin 2 administered to piglets after the onset of diarrhea due to Escherichia coli O157:H7 prevents fatal systemic complications. Infect Immun 73:4607–4613. [PubMed][CrossRef]
50. He X, McMahon S, Skinner C, Merrill P, Scotcher MC, Stanker LH. 2013. Development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Shiga toxin 2 and their application for toxin detection in milk. J Immunol Methods 389:18–28. [PubMed][CrossRef]
51. Sheoran A, Jeong KI, Mukherjee J, Wiffin A, Singh P, Tzipori S. 2012. Biodistribution and elimination kinetics of systemic Stx2 by the Stx2A and Stx2B subunit-specific human monoclonal antibodies in mice. BMC Immunol 13:27. [PubMed][CrossRef]
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
2014-11-07
2020-08-07

Abstract:

Pediatric immunization has been the most effective measure to prevent and reduce the burden of infectious diseases in children. The recent inclusion of pneumococcal and meningococcal polysaccharide conjugates in infant immunization further reinforces their importance. Currently there is no human vaccine against enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) infections. This review focuses on the human EHEC vaccine that has been studied clinically, in particular, the polysaccharide conjugate against 157. The surface polysaccharide antigen, O-specific polysaccharide, was linked to rEPA, recombinant exotoxin A of . In adults and children 2 to 5 years old, O157-rEPA conjugates, shown to be safe, induced high levels of antilipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G with bactericidal activities against O157, a functional bioassay that mimics the killing of inoculum in vivo. A similar construct using the B subunit of Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 as the carrier protein elicited both bactericidal and toxin-neutralizing antibodies in mice.

So far there is no clinical study of Stx-based human vaccine. Passive immunization of Stx-specific antibodies with humanized, chimeric, or human monoclonal antibodies, produced in transgenic mice, showed promising data in animal models and offered high prospects. Demonstrations of their safety and effectiveness in treating hemolytic-uremic syndrome or patients with EHEC infections are under way, and results are much anticipated.

For future development, other virulence factors such as the nontoxic Stx B subunit or intimin should be included, either as carrier protein in conjugates or as independent components. The additional antigens from O157 may provide broader coverage to non-O157 Stx-producing and facilitate both preventive and therapeutic treatment.

Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013.html?itemId=/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Figures

Clinical Studies of O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-1,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Shousun Chen, foaf_name=Shousun Chen Szu, foaf_surname=Szu, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-2,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Amina, foaf_name=Amina Ahmed, foaf_surname=Ahmed, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-aff2]]}]]
Citation: Szu S, Ahmed A. 2014. Clinical studies of o157:h7 conjugate vaccines in adults and young children. microbiolspec 2(6): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013.fig1
FIGURE 1
Serum anti-Vi IgG response in healthy adults receiving one injection of OSP-rEPA (), DeALPS-rEPA (), or DeALPS-rEPA (); = 29 in each group.
microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-fig1_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-fig1.gif
Image of FIGURE 1

Click to view

FIGURE 1

Serum anti-Vi IgG response in healthy adults receiving one injection of OSP-rEPA (), DeALPS-rEPA (), or DeALPS-rEPA (); = 29 in each group.

Source: microbiolspec November 2014 vol. 2 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013.fig2
FIGURE 2
Serum anti-Vi IgG response in children 2 to 5 years old receiving one injection () or a booster dose 6 weeks later (); = 25 in each group. No statistical difference between the groups at all periods.
microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-fig2_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/2/6/EHEC-0016-2013-fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2

Click to view

FIGURE 2

Serum anti-Vi IgG response in children 2 to 5 years old receiving one injection () or a booster dose 6 weeks later (); = 25 in each group. No statistical difference between the groups at all periods.

Source: microbiolspec November 2014 vol. 2 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

Tables

Clinical Studies of O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-1,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Shousun Chen, foaf_name=Shousun Chen Szu, foaf_surname=Szu, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-2,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Amina, foaf_name=Amina Ahmed, foaf_surname=Ahmed, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013-aff2]]}]]
Citation: Szu S, Ahmed A. 2014. Clinical studies of o157:h7 conjugate vaccines in adults and young children. microbiolspec 2(6): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013.T1
Table 1
Reciprocal bactericidal activity of serum LPS antibodies elicited in 2- to 5-year-old children injected with O157-rEPA conjugates
Generic image for table

Click to view

Table 1

Reciprocal bactericidal activity of serum LPS antibodies elicited in 2- to 5-year-old children injected with O157-rEPA conjugates

Source: microbiolspec November 2014 vol. 2 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013.T2
TABLE 2
Neutralization titers of Stx1 in sera from mice injected with O157 OSP conjugated with Stx1B
Generic image for table

Click to view

TABLE 2

Neutralization titers of Stx1 in sera from mice injected with O157 OSP conjugated with Stx1B

Source: microbiolspec November 2014 vol. 2 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0016-2013

Supplemental Material

No supplementary material available for this content.

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error