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Fungal Biofilms: Inside Out

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  • Authors: Katherine Lagree1, Aaron P. Mitchell2
  • Editor: Joseph Heitman3
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; 3: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
    • Source: microbiolspec April 2017 vol. 5 no. 2 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016
  • Received 20 July 2016 Accepted 21 February 2017 Published 07 April 2017
  • Aaron Mitchell, [email protected]
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  • Abstract:

    We focus this article on turning a biofilm inside out. The “inside” of the biofilm comprises the individual biofilm-related phenotypes, their environmental drivers and genetic determinants, and the coordination of gene functions through transcriptional regulators. Investigators have viewed the inside of the biofilm through diverse approaches, and this article will attempt to capture the essence of many. The ultimate goal is to connect the inside to the “outside,” which we view as biofilm structure, development, pharmacological attributes, and medical impact.

  • Citation: Lagree K, Mitchell A. 2017. Fungal Biofilms: Inside Out. Microbiol Spectrum 5(2):FUNK-0024-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016.

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/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016
2017-04-07
2021-04-23

Abstract:

We focus this article on turning a biofilm inside out. The “inside” of the biofilm comprises the individual biofilm-related phenotypes, their environmental drivers and genetic determinants, and the coordination of gene functions through transcriptional regulators. Investigators have viewed the inside of the biofilm through diverse approaches, and this article will attempt to capture the essence of many. The ultimate goal is to connect the inside to the “outside,” which we view as biofilm structure, development, pharmacological attributes, and medical impact.

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Fungal Biofilms: Inside Out
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Citation: Lagree K, Mitchell A. 2017. Fungal biofilms: inside out. microbiolspec 5(2): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016.fig1
FIGURE 1
Confocal imaging of biofilms. Images show the heterogeneity of biofilms at the level of gene expression using a GFP construct fused to the promoter that is constitutively expressed throughout the biofilm and an RFP construct fused to the promoter showing greater expression at the basal layer of the biofilm, respectively. Images show the phenotypic diversity of biofilms based on the growth medium in RPMI, YPD, and RPMI plus 10% serum, respectively. Biofilms were fixed and imaged using a Zeiss DuoScan confocal microscope. Side view projections were generated by reslicing and then z-projecting the stack using ImageJ software from the National Institutes of Health.
microbiolspec/5/2/FUNK-0024-2016-fig1_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/5/2/FUNK-0024-2016-fig1.gif
Image of FIGURE 1

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FIGURE 1

Confocal imaging of biofilms. Images show the heterogeneity of biofilms at the level of gene expression using a GFP construct fused to the promoter that is constitutively expressed throughout the biofilm and an RFP construct fused to the promoter showing greater expression at the basal layer of the biofilm, respectively. Images show the phenotypic diversity of biofilms based on the growth medium in RPMI, YPD, and RPMI plus 10% serum, respectively. Biofilms were fixed and imaged using a Zeiss DuoScan confocal microscope. Side view projections were generated by reslicing and then z-projecting the stack using ImageJ software from the National Institutes of Health.

Source: microbiolspec April 2017 vol. 5 no. 2 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016
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/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016.fig2
FIGURE 2
Als1 structure. Domains of Als proteins that are discussed in the text are depicted with amino acid coordinates of Als1 indicated.
microbiolspec/5/2/FUNK-0024-2016-fig2_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/5/2/FUNK-0024-2016-fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2

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FIGURE 2

Als1 structure. Domains of Als proteins that are discussed in the text are depicted with amino acid coordinates of Als1 indicated.

Source: microbiolspec April 2017 vol. 5 no. 2 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0024-2016
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