1887
No metrics data to plot.
The attempt to load metrics for this article has failed.
The attempt to plot a graph for these metrics has failed.

Monocyte, Macrophage, and Dendritic Cell Development: the Human Perspective

MyBook is a cheap paperback edition of the original book and will be sold at uniform, low price.
  • PDF
    7.59 MB
  • XML
    144.64 Kb
  • HTML
    176.19 Kb
  • Authors: Matthew Collin1, Venetia Bigley2
  • Editor: Siamon Gordon3
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; 2: Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; 3: Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
  • Received 16 July 2015 Accepted 19 April 2016 Published 16 September 2016
  • Matthew Collin, [email protected]
image of Monocyte, Macrophage, and Dendritic Cell Development: the Human Perspective
    Preview this microbiology spectrum article:
    Preview Magnify
    Zoom in
    Zoomout

    Monocyte, Macrophage, and Dendritic Cell Development: the Human Perspective, Page 1 of 2

    | /docserver/preview/fulltext/microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-1.gif /docserver/preview/fulltext/microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-2.gif

  • Abstract:

    The maintenance of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) involves manifold pathways of ontogeny and homeostasis that have been the subject of intense study in recent years. The concept of a peripheral mononuclear phagocyte system continually renewed by blood-borne monocytes has been modified to include specialized DC pathways of development that do not involve monocytes, and longevity through self-renewal of tissue macrophages. The study of development remains difficult owing to the plasticity of phenotypes and misconceptions about the fundamental structure of hematopoiesis. However, greater clarity has been achieved in distinguishing inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs from DCs arising in the steady state, and new concepts of conjoined lymphomyeloid hematopoiesis more easily accommodate the shared lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes of some DCs. Cross-species comparisons have also yielded coherent systems of nomenclature for all mammalian monocytes, macrophages, and DCs. Finally, the clear relationships between ontogeny and functional specialization offer information about the regulation of immune responses and provide new tools for the therapeutic manipulation of myeloid mononuclear cells in medicine.

  • Citation: Collin M, Bigley V. 2016. Monocyte, Macrophage, and Dendritic Cell Development: the Human Perspective. Microbiol Spectrum 4(5):MCHD-0015-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.

Key Concept Ranking

Adaptive Immune System
0.4982196
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II
0.43987155
0.4982196

References

1. van Furth R, Cohn ZA, Hirsch JG, Humphrey JH, Spector WG, Langevoort HL. 1972. The mononuclear phagocyte system: a new classification of macrophages, monocytes, and their precursor cells. Bull World Health Organ 46:845–852. [PubMed]
2. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. 1994. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor α. J Exp Med 179:1109–1118. [PubMed][CrossRef]
3. Murray PJ, Allen JE, Biswas SK, Fisher EA, Gilroy DW, Goerdt S, Gordon S, Hamilton JA, Ivashkiv LB, Lawrence T, Locati M, Mantovani A, Martinez FO, Mege JL, Mosser DM, Natoli G, Saeij JP, Schultze JL, Shirey KA, Sica A, Suttles J, Udalova I, van Ginderachter JA, Vogel SN, Wynn TA. 2014. Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Immunity 41:14–20. [PubMed][CrossRef]
4. Steinman RM, Lustig DS, Cohn ZA. 1974. Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. 3. Functional properties in vivo. J Exp Med 139:1431–1445. [PubMed][CrossRef]
5. Hume DA. 2008. Macrophages as APC and the dendritic cell myth. J Immunol 181:5829–5835. [PubMed][CrossRef]
6. Merad M, Sathe P, Helft J, Miller J, Mortha A. 2013. The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting. Annu Rev Immunol 31:563–604. [PubMed][CrossRef]
7. Haniffa M, Ginhoux F, Wang XN, Bigley V, Abel M, Dimmick I, Bullock S, Grisotto M, Booth T, Taub P, Hilkens C, Merad M, Collin M. 2009. Differential rates of replacement of human dermal dendritic cells and macrophages during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Exp Med 206:371–385. [PubMed][CrossRef]
8. Wang XN, McGovern N, Gunawan M, Richardson C, Windebank M, Siah TW, Lim HY, Fink K, Li JL, Ng LG, Ginhoux F, Angeli V, Collin M, Haniffa M. 2014. A three-dimensional atlas of human dermal leukocytes, lymphatics, and blood vessels. J Invest Dermatol 134:965–974. [PubMed][CrossRef]
9. McGovern N, Schlitzer A, Gunawan M, Jardine L, Shin A, Poyner E, Green K, Dickinson R, Wang XN, Low D, Best K, Covins S, Milne P, Pagan S, Aljefri K, Windebank M, Miranda-Saavedra D, Larbi A, Wasan PS, Duan K, Poidinger M, Bigley V, Ginhoux F, Collin M, Haniffa M. 2014. Human dermal CD14 + cells are a transient population of monocyte-derived macrophages. Immunity 41:465–477. [PubMed][CrossRef]
10. Tamoutounour S, Guilliams M, Montanana Sanchis F, Liu H, Terhorst D, Malosse C, Pollet E, Ardouin L, Luche H, Sanchez C, Dalod M, Malissen B, Henri S. 2013. Origins and functional specialization of macrophages and of conventional and monocyte-derived dendritic cells in mouse skin. Immunity 39:925–938. [PubMed][CrossRef]
11. Watchmaker PB, Lahl K, Lee M, Baumjohann D, Morton J, Kim SJ, Zeng R, Dent A, Ansel KM, Diamond B, Hadeiba H, Butcher EC. 2014. Comparative transcriptional and functional profiling defines conserved programs of intestinal DC differentiation in humans and mice. Nat Immunol 15:98–108. [PubMed][CrossRef]
12. Ginhoux F, Jung S. 2014. Monocytes and macrophages: developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol 14:392–404. [PubMed][CrossRef]
13. Bar-On L, Jung S. 2010. Defining dendritic cells by conditional and constitutive cell ablation. Immunol Rev 234:76–89. [PubMed][CrossRef]
14. Seneschal J, Clark RA, Gehad A, Baecher-Allan CM, Kupper TS. 2012. Human epidermal Langerhans cells maintain immune homeostasis in skin by activating skin resident regulatory T cells. Immunity 36:873–884. [PubMed][CrossRef]
15. Yona S, Kim KW, Wolf Y, Mildner A, Varol D, Breker M, Strauss-Ayali D, Viukov S, Guilliams M, Misharin A, Hume DA, Perlman H, Malissen B, Zelzer E, Jung S. 2013. Fate mapping reveals origins and dynamics of monocytes and tissue macrophages under homeostasis. Immunity 38:79–91. [PubMed][CrossRef]
16. Hashimoto D, Chow A, Noizat C, Teo P, Beasley MB, Leboeuf M, Becker CD, See P, Price J, Lucas D, Greter M, Mortha A, Boyer SW, Forsberg EC, Tanaka M, van Rooijen N, García-Sastre A, Stanley ER, Ginhoux F, Frenette PS, Merad M. 2013. Tissue-resident macrophages self-maintain locally throughout adult life with minimal contribution from circulating monocytes. Immunity 38:792–804. [PubMed][CrossRef]
17. Hoeffel G, Chen J, Lavin Y, Low D, Almeida FF, See P, Beaudin AE, Lum J, Low I, Forsberg EC, Poidinger M, Zolezzi F, Larbi A, Ng LG, Chan JK, Greter M, Becher B, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F. 2015. C-Myb + erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages. Immunity 42:665–678. [PubMed][CrossRef]
18. Gomez Perdiguero E, Klapproth K, Schulz C, Busch K, Azzoni E, Crozet L, Garner H, Trouillet C, de Bruijn MF, Geissmann F, Rodewald HR. 2015. Tissue-resident macrophages originate from yolk-sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors. Nature 518:547–551. [PubMed][CrossRef]
19. Jakubzick C, Gautier EL, Gibbings SL, Sojka DK, Schlitzer A, Johnson TE, Ivanov S, Duan Q, Bala S, Condon T, van Rooijen N, Grainger JR, Belkaid Y, Ma’ayan A, Riches DW, Yokoyama WM, Ginhoux F, Henson PM, Randolph GJ. 2013. Minimal differentiation of classical monocytes as they survey steady-state tissues and transport antigen to lymph nodes. Immunity 39:599–610. [PubMed][CrossRef]
20. Bain CC, Mowat AM. 2014. Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 260:102–117. [PubMed][CrossRef]
21. Lavine KJ, Epelman S, Uchida K, Weber KJ, Nichols CG, Schilling JD, Ornitz DM, Randolph GJ, Mann DL. 2014. Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparate patterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in the neonatal and adult heart. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111:16029–16034. [PubMed][CrossRef]
22. Massberg S, Schaerli P, Knezevic-Maramica I, Köllnberger M, Tubo N, Moseman EA, Huff IV, Junt T, Wagers AJ, Mazo IB, von Andrian UH. 2007. Immunosurveillance by hematopoietic progenitor cells trafficking through blood, lymph, and peripheral tissues. Cell 131:994–1008. [PubMed][CrossRef]
23. Dzionek A, Fuchs A, Schmidt P, Cremer S, Zysk M, Miltenyi S, Buck DW, Schmitz J. 2000. BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: three markers for distinct subsets of dendritic cells in human peripheral blood. J Immunol 165:6037–6046. [PubMed][CrossRef]
24. MacDonald KP, Munster DJ, Clark GJ, Dzionek A, Schmitz J, Hart DN. 2002. Characterization of human blood dendritic cell subsets. Blood 100:4512–4520. [PubMed][CrossRef]
25. Miller JC, Brown BD, Shay T, Gautier EL, Jojic V, Cohain A, Pandey G, Leboeuf M, Elpek KG, Helft J, Hashimoto D, Chow A, Price J, Greter M, Bogunovic M, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Frenette PS, Randolph GJ, Turley SJ, Merad M, Immunological Genome Consortium. 2012. Deciphering the transcriptional network of the dendritic cell lineage. Nat Immunol 13:888–899. [PubMed][CrossRef]
26. Gautier EL, Shay T, Miller J, Greter M, Jakubzick C, Ivanov S, Helft J, Chow A, Elpek KG, Gordonov S, Mazloom AR, Ma’ayan A, Chua WJ, Hansen TH, Turley SJ, Merad M, Randolph GJ; Immunological Genome Consortium. 2012. Gene-expression profiles and transcriptional regulatory pathways that underlie the identity and diversity of mouse tissue macrophages. Nat Immunol 13:1118–1128. [PubMed][CrossRef]
27. Lavin Y, Winter D, Blecher-Gonen R, David E, Keren-Shaul H, Merad M, Jung S, Amit I. 2014. Tissue-resident macrophage enhancer landscapes are shaped by the local microenvironment. Cell 159:1312–1326. [PubMed][CrossRef]
28. Guilliams M, Ginhoux F, Jakubzick C, Naik SH, Onai N, Schraml BU, Segura E, Tussiwand R, Yona S. 2014. Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny. Nat Rev Immunol 14:571–578. [PubMed][CrossRef]
29. Xue J, Schmidt SV, Sander J, Draffehn A, Krebs W, Quester I, De Nardo D, Gohel TD, Emde M, Schmidleithner L, Ganesan H, Nino-Castro A, Mallmann MR, Labzin L, Theis H, Kraut M, Beyer M, Latz E, Freeman TC, Ulas T, Schultze JL. 2014. Transcriptome-based network analysis reveals a spectrum model of human macrophage activation. Immunity 40:274–288. [PubMed][CrossRef]
30. Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Ancuta P, Crowe S, Dalod M, Grau V, Hart DN, Leenen PJ, Liu YJ, MacPherson G, Randolph GJ, Scherberich J, Schmitz J, Shortman K, Sozzani S, Strobl H, Zembala M, Austyn JM, Lutz MB. 2010. Nomenclature of monocytes and dendritic cells in blood. Blood 116:e74–e80. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-258558. [PubMed][CrossRef]
31. Robbins SH, Walzer T, Dembélé D, Thibault C, Defays A, Bessou G, Xu H, Vivier E, Sellars M, Pierre P, Sharp FR, Chan S, Kastner P, Dalod M. 2008. Novel insights into the relationships between dendritic cell subsets in human and mouse revealed by genome-wide expression profiling. Genome Biol 9:R17. doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-1-r17. [CrossRef]
32. Hänsel A, Günther C, Ingwersen J, Starke J, Schmitz M, Bachmann M, Meurer M, Rieber EP, Schäkel K. 2011. Human slan (6-sulfo LacNAc) dendritic cells are inflammatory dermal dendritic cells in psoriasis and drive strong T H17/T H1 T-cell responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 127:787–794.e9. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.009. [CrossRef]
33. Cros J, Cagnard N, Woollard K, Patey N, Zhang SY, Senechal B, Puel A, Biswas SK, Moshous D, Picard C, Jais JP, D’Cruz D, Casanova JL, Trouillet C, Geissmann F. 2010. Human CD14 dim monocytes patrol and sense nucleic acids and viruses via TLR7 and TLR8 receptors. Immunity 33:375–386. [PubMed][CrossRef]
34. Carlin LM, Stamatiades EG, Auffray C, Hanna RN, Glover L, Vizcay-Barrena G, Hedrick CC, Cook HT, Diebold S, Geissmann F. 2013. Nr4a1-dependent Ly6C low monocytes monitor endothelial cells and orchestrate their disposal. Cell 153:362–375. [PubMed][CrossRef]
35. Hettinger J, Richards DM, Hansson J, Barra MM, Joschko AC, Krijgsveld J, Feuerer M. 2013. Origin of monocytes and macrophages in a committed progenitor. Nat Immunol 14:821–830. [PubMed][CrossRef]
36. Hanna RN, Carlin LM, Hubbeling HG, Nackiewicz D, Green AM, Punt JA, Geissmann F, Hedrick CC. 2011. The transcription factor NR4A1 (Nur77) controls bone marrow differentiation and the survival of Ly6C – monocytes. Nat Immunol 12:778–785. [PubMed][CrossRef]
37. Schmidl C, Renner K, Peter K, Eder R, Lassmann T, Balwierz PJ, Itoh M, Nagao-Sato S, Kawaji H, Carninci P, Suzuki H, Hayashizaki Y, Andreesen R, Hume DA, Hoffmann P, Forrest AR, Kreutz MP, Edinger M, Rehli M, FANTOM consortium. 2014. Transcription and enhancer profiling in human monocyte subsets. Blood 123:e90–e99. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-02-484188. [CrossRef]
38. Abeles RD, McPhail MJ, Sowter D, Antoniades CG, Vergis N, Vijay GK, Xystrakis E, Khamri W, Shawcross DL, Ma Y, Wendon JA, Vergani D. 2012. CD14, CD16 and HLA-DR reliably identifies human monocytes and their subsets in the context of pathologically reduced HLA-DR expression by CD14 hi/CD16 neg monocytes: expansion of CD14 hi/CD16 pos and contraction of CD14 lo/CD16 pos monocytes in acute liver failure. Cytometry A 81:823–834. [PubMed][CrossRef]
39. Fingerle-Rowson G, Angstwurm M, Andreesen R, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW. 1998. Selective depletion of CD14 + CD16 + monocytes by glucocorticoid therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 112:501–506. [PubMed][CrossRef]
40. Damuzzo V, Pinton L, Desantis G, Solito S, Marigo I, Bronte V, Mandruzzato S. 2015. Complexity and challenges in defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 88:77–91. [PubMed][CrossRef]
41. Wong KL, Yeap WH, Tai JJ, Ong SM, Dang TM, Wong SC. 2012. The three human monocyte subsets: implications for health and disease. Immunol Res 53:41–57. [PubMed][CrossRef]
42. Cogle CR, Yachnis AT, Laywell ED, Zander DS, Wingard JR, Steindler DA, Scott EW. 2004. Bone marrow transdifferentiation in brain after transplantation: a retrospective study. Lancet 363:1432–1437. [PubMed][CrossRef]
43. Bigley V, Haniffa M, Doulatov S, Wang XN, Dickinson R, McGovern N, Jardine L, Pagan S, Dimmick I, Chua I, Wallis J, Lordan J, Morgan C, Kumararatne DS, Doffinger R, van der Burg M, van Dongen J, Cant A, Dick JE, Hambleton S, Collin M. 2011. The human syndrome of dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency. J Exp Med 208:227–234. [PubMed][CrossRef]
44. Hambleton S, Salem S, Bustamante J, Bigley V, Boisson-Dupuis S, Azevedo J, Fortin A, Haniffa M, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Bacon CM, Menon G, Trouillet C, McDonald D, Carey P, Ginhoux F, Alsina L, Zumwalt TJ, Kong XF, Kumararatne D, Butler K, Hubeau M, Feinberg J, Al-Muhsen S, Cant A, Abel L, Chaussabel D, Doffinger R, Talesnik E, Grumach A, Duarte A, Abarca K, Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Burk D, Berghuis A, Geissmann F, Collin M, Casanova JL, Gros P. 2011. IRF8 mutations and human dendritic-cell immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 365:127–138. [PubMed][CrossRef]
45. Zaba LC, Fuentes-Duculan J, Steinman RM, Krueger JG, Lowes MA. 2007. Normal human dermis contains distinct populations of CD11c +BDCA-1 + dendritic cells and CD163 +FXIIIA + macrophages. J Clin Invest 117:2517–2525. [PubMed][CrossRef]
46. Lenz A, Heine M, Schuler G, Romani N. 1993. Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization. J Clin Invest 92:2587–2596. [PubMed][CrossRef]
47. Chu CC, Ali N, Karagiannis P, Di Meglio P, Skowera A, Napolitano L, Barinaga G, Grys K, Sharif-Paghaleh E, Karagiannis SN, Peakman M, Lombardi G, Nestle FO. 2012. Resident CD141 (BDCA3) + dendritic cells in human skin produce IL-10 and induce regulatory T cells that suppress skin inflammation. J Exp Med 209:935–945. [PubMed][CrossRef]
48. Jenkins SJ, Ruckerl D, Cook PC, Jones LH, Finkelman FD, van Rooijen N, MacDonald AS, Allen JE. 2011. Local macrophage proliferation, rather than recruitment from the blood, is a signature of T H2 inflammation. Science 332:1284–1288. [PubMed][CrossRef]
49. Cheong C, Matos I, Choi JH, Dandamudi DB, Shrestha E, Longhi MP, Jeffrey KL, Anthony RM, Kluger C, Nchinda G, Koh H, Rodriguez A, Idoyaga J, Pack M, Velinzon K, Park CG, Steinman RM. 2010. Microbial stimulation fully differentiates monocytes to DC-SIGN/CD209 + dendritic cells for immune T cell areas. Cell 143:416–429. [PubMed][CrossRef]
50. León B, López-Bravo M, Ardavín C. 2007. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells formed at the infection site control the induction of protective T helper 1 responses against Leishmania. Immunity 26:519–531. [PubMed][CrossRef]
51. Manh TP, Alexandre Y, Baranek T, Crozat K, Dalod M. 2013. Plasmacytoid, conventional, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells undergo a profound and convergent genetic reprogramming during their maturation. Eur J Immunol 43:1706–1715. [PubMed][CrossRef]
52. Scott CL, Henri S, Guilliams M. 2014. Mononuclear phagocytes of the intestine, the skin, and the lung. Immunol Rev 262:9–24. [PubMed][CrossRef]
53. Reizis B, Bunin A, Ghosh HS, Lewis KL, Sisirak V. 2011. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: recent progress and open questions. Annu Rev Immunol 29:163–183. [PubMed][CrossRef]
54. Jardine L, Barge D, Ames-Draycott A, Pagan S, Cookson S, Spickett G, Haniffa M, Collin M, Bigley V. 2013. Rapid detection of dendritic cell and monocyte disorders using CD4 as a lineage marker of the human peripheral blood antigen-presenting cell compartment. Front Immunol 4:495. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00495. [CrossRef]
55. Crozat K, Guiton R, Contreras V, Feuillet V, Dutertre CA, Ventre E, Vu Manh TP, Baranek T, Storset AK, Marvel J, Boudinot P, Hosmalin A, Schwartz-Cornil I, Dalod M. 2010. The XC chemokine receptor 1 is a conserved selective marker of mammalian cells homologous to mouse CD8α + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 207:1283–1292. [PubMed][CrossRef]
56. Poulin LF, Reyal Y, Uronen-Hansson H, Schraml BU, Sancho D, Murphy KM, Håkansson UK, Moita LF, Agace WW, Bonnet D, Reis e Sousa C. 2012. DNGR-1 is a specific and universal marker of mouse and human Batf3-dependent dendritic cells in lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. Blood 119:6052–6062. [PubMed][CrossRef]
57. Gurka S, Hartung E, Becker M, Kroczek RA. 2015. Mouse conventional dendritic cells can be universally classified based on the mutually exclusive expression of XCR1 and SIRPα. Front Immunol 6:35. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00035.
58. van de Ven R, van den Hout MF, Lindenberg JJ, Sluijter BJ, van Leeuwen PA, Lougheed SM, Meijer S, van den Tol MP, Scheper RJ, de Gruijl TD. 2011. Characterization of four conventional dendritic cell subsets in human skin-draining lymph nodes in relation to T-cell activation. Blood 118:2502–2510. [PubMed][CrossRef]
59. Mittag D, Proietto AI, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Vremec D, Shortman K, Wu L, Harrison LC. 2011. Human dendritic cell subsets from spleen and blood are similar in phenotype and function but modified by donor health status. J Immunol 186:6207–6217. [PubMed][CrossRef]
60. Haniffa M, Shin A, Bigley V, McGovern N, Teo P, See P, Wasan PS, Wang XN, Malinarich F, Malleret B, Larbi A, Tan P, Zhao H, Poidinger M, Pagan S, Cookson S, Dickinson R, Dimmick I, Jarrett RF, Renia L, Tam J, Song C, Connolly J, Chan JK, Gehring A, Bertoletti A, Collin M, Ginhoux F. 2012. Human tissues contain CD141 hi cross-presenting dendritic cells with functional homology to mouse CD103 + nonlymphoid dendritic cells. Immunity 37:60–73. [PubMed][CrossRef]
61. Segura E, Durand M, Amigorena S. 2013. Similar antigen cross-presentation capacity and phagocytic functions in all freshly isolated human lymphoid organ-resident dendritic cells. J Exp Med 210:1035–1047. [PubMed][CrossRef]
62. Merad M, Ginhoux F, Collin M. 2008. Origin, homeostasis and function of Langerhans cells and other langerin-expressing dendritic cells. Nat Rev Immunol 8:935–947. [PubMed][CrossRef]
63. Valladeau J, Ravel O, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Moore K, Kleijmeer M, Liu Y, Duvert-Frances V, Vincent C, Schmitt D, Davoust J, Caux C, Lebecque S, Saeland S. 2000. Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules. Immunity 12:71–81. [PubMed][CrossRef]
64. Bigley V, McGovern N, Milne P, Dickinson R, Pagan S, Cookson S, Haniffa M, Collin M. 2015. Langerin-expressing dendritic cells in human tissues are related to CD1c + dendritic cells and distinct from Langerhans cells and CD141 high XCR1 + dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 97:627–634. [PubMed][CrossRef]
65. Milne P, Bigley V, Gunawan M, Haniffa M, Collin M. 2015. CD1c + blood dendritic cells have Langerhans cell potential. Blood 125:470–473. [PubMed][CrossRef]
66. Romani N, Clausen BE, Stoitzner P. 2010. Langerhans cells and more: langerin-expressing dendritic cell subsets in the skin. Immunol Rev 234:120–141. [PubMed][CrossRef]
67. Hunger RE, Sieling PA, Ochoa MT, Sugaya M, Burdick AE, Rea TH, Brennan PJ, Belisle JT, Blauvelt A, Porcelli SA, Modlin RL. 2004. Langerhans cells utilize CD1a and langerin to efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to T cells. J Clin Invest 113:701–708. [PubMed][CrossRef]
68. de Witte L, Nabatov A, Pion M, Fluitsma D, de Jong MA, de Gruijl T, Piguet V, van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB. 2007. Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells. Nat Med 13:367–371. [PubMed][CrossRef]
69. Igyártó BZ, Haley K, Ortner D, Bobr A, Gerami-Nejad M, Edelson BT, Zurawski SM, Malissen B, Zurawski G, Berman J, Kaplan DH. 2011. Skin-resident murine dendritic cell subsets promote distinct and opposing antigen-specific T helper cell responses. Immunity 35:260–272. [PubMed][CrossRef]
70. Bennett CL, Fallah-Arani F, Conlan T, Trouillet C, Goold H, Chorro L, Flutter B, Means TK, Geissmann F, Chakraverty R. 2011. Langerhans cells regulate cutaneous injury by licensing CD8 effector cells recruited to the skin. Blood 117:7063–7069. [PubMed][CrossRef]
71. Schuster C, Vaculik C, Fiala C, Meindl S, Brandt O, Imhof M, Stingl G, Eppel W, Elbe-Bürger A. 2009. HLA-DR + leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells. J Exp Med 206:169–181. [PubMed][CrossRef]
72. Hoeffel G, Wang Y, Greter M, See P, Teo P, Malleret B, Leboeuf M, Low D, Oller G, Almeida F, Choy SH, Grisotto M, Renia L, Conway SJ, Stanley ER, Chan JK, Ng LG, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F. 2012. Adult Langerhans cells derive predominantly from embryonic fetal liver monocytes with a minor contribution of yolk sac-derived macrophages. J Exp Med 209:1167–1181. [PubMed][CrossRef]
73. Wang Y, Szretter KJ, Vermi W, Gilfillan S, Rossini C, Cella M, Barrow AD, Diamond MS, Colonna M. 2012. IL-34 is a tissue-restricted ligand of CSF1R required for the development of Langerhans cells and microglia. Nat Immunol 13:753–760. [PubMed][CrossRef]
74. Greter M, Lelios I, Pelczar P, Hoeffel G, Price J, Leboeuf M, Kündig TM, Frei K, Ginhoux F, Merad M, Becher B. 2012. Stroma-derived interleukin-34 controls the development and maintenance of Langerhans cells and the maintenance of microglia. Immunity 37:1050–1060. [PubMed][CrossRef]
75. Borkowski TA, Letterio JJ, Farr AG, Udey MC. 1996. A role for endogenous transforming growth factor β1 in Langerhans cell biology: the skin of transforming growth factor β1 null mice is devoid of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 184:2417–2422. [PubMed][CrossRef]
76. Czernielewski JM, Demarchez M. 1987. Further evidence for the self-reproducing capacity of Langerhans cells in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 88:17–20. [PubMed][CrossRef]
77. Merad M, Manz MG, Karsunky H, Wagers A, Peters W, Charo I, Weissman IL, Cyster JG, Engleman EG. 2002. Langerhans cells renew in the skin throughout life under steady-state conditions. Nat Immunol 3:1135–1141. [PubMed][CrossRef]
78. Kanitakis J, Morelon E, Petruzzo P, Badet L, Dubernard JM. 2011. Self-renewal capacity of human epidermal Langerhans cells: observations made on a composite tissue allograft. Exp Dermatol 20:145–146. [PubMed][CrossRef]
79. Collin MP, Hart DN, Jackson GH, Cook G, Cavet J, Mackinnon S, Middleton PG, Dickinson AM. 2006. The fate of human Langerhans cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Exp Med 203:27–33. [PubMed][CrossRef]
80. Mielcarek M, Kirkorian AY, Hackman RC, Price J, Storer BE, Wood BL, Leboeuf M, Bogunovic M, Storb R, Inamoto Y, Flowers ME, Martin PJ, Collin M, Merad M. 2014. Langerhans cell homeostasis and turnover after nonmyeloablative and myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transplantation 98:563–568. [PubMed][CrossRef]
81. Doulatov S, Notta F, Laurenti E, Dick JE. 2012. Hematopoiesis: a human perspective. Cell Stem Cell 10:120–136. [PubMed][CrossRef]
82. Lee J, Breton G, Oliveira TY, Zhou YJ, Aljoufi A, Puhr S, Cameron MJ, Sékaly RP, Nussenzweig MC, Liu K. 2015. Restricted dendritic cell and monocyte progenitors in human cord blood and bone marrow. J Exp Med 212:385–399. [PubMed][CrossRef]
83. Breton G, Lee J, Zhou YJ, Schreiber JJ, Keler T, Puhr S, Anandasabapathy N, Schlesinger S, Caskey M, Liu K, Nussenzweig MC. 2015. Circulating precursors of human CD1c + and CD141 + dendritic cells. J Exp Med 212:401–413. [PubMed][CrossRef]
84. Balan S, Ollion V, Colletti N, Chelbi R, Montanana-Sanchis F, Liu H, Vu Manh TP, Sanchez C, Savoret J, Perrot I, Doffin AC, Fossum E, Bechlian D, Chabannon C, Bogen B, Asselin-Paturel C, Shaw M, Soos T, Caux C, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Dalod M. 2014. Human XCR1 + dendritic cells derived in vitro from CD34 + progenitors closely resemble blood dendritic cells, including their adjuvant responsiveness, contrary to monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J Immunol 193:1622–1635. [PubMed][CrossRef]
85. Doulatov S, Notta F, Eppert K, Nguyen LT, Ohashi PS, Dick JE. 2010. Revised map of the human progenitor hierarchy shows the origin of macrophages and dendritic cells in early lymphoid development. Nat Immunol 11:585–593. [PubMed][CrossRef]
86. Martínez-Cingolani C, Grandclaudon M, Jeanmougin M, Jouve M, Zollinger R, Soumelis V. 2014. Human blood BDCA-1 dendritic cells differentiate into Langerhans-like cells with thymic stromal lymphopoietin and TGF-β. Blood 124:2411–2420. [PubMed][CrossRef]
87. Fogg DK, Sibon C, Miled C, Jung S, Aucouturier P, Littman DR, Cumano A, Geissmann F. 2006. A clonogenic bone marrow progenitor specific for macrophages and dendritic cells. Science 311:83–87. [PubMed][CrossRef]
88. Waskow C, Liu K, Darrasse-Jèze G, Guermonprez P, Ginhoux F, Merad M, Shengelia T, Yao K, Nussenzweig M. 2008. The receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 is required for dendritic cell development in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Nat Immunol 9:676–683. [PubMed][CrossRef]
89. Naik SH, Sathe P, Park HY, Metcalf D, Proietto AI, Dakic A, Carotta S, O’Keeffe M, Bahlo M, Papenfuss A, Kwak JY, Wu L, Shortman K. 2007. Development of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell subtypes from single precursor cells derived in vitro and in vivo. Nat Immunol 8:1217–1226. [PubMed][CrossRef]
90. Onai N, Obata-Onai A, Schmid MA, Ohteki T, Jarrossay D, Manz MG. 2007. Identification of clonogenic common Flt3 +M-CSFR + plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Nat Immunol 8:1207–1216. [PubMed][CrossRef]
91. Naik SH, Metcalf D, van Nieuwenhuijze A, Wicks I, Wu L, O’Keeffe M, Shortman K. 2006. Intrasplenic steady-state dendritic cell precursors that are distinct from monocytes. Nat Immunol 7:663–671. [PubMed][CrossRef]
92. Liu K, Victora GD, Schwickert TA, Guermonprez P, Meredith MM, Yao K, Chu FF, Randolph GJ, Rudensky AY, Nussenzweig M. 2009. In vivo analysis of dendritic cell development and homeostasis. Science 324:392–397. [PubMed][CrossRef]
93. Sathe P, Metcalf D, Vremec D, Naik SH, Langdon WY, Huntington ND, Wu L, Shortman K. 2014. Lymphoid tissue and plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages do not share a common macrophage-dendritic cell-restricted progenitor. Immunity 41:104–115. [PubMed][CrossRef]
94. Schraml BU, van Blijswijk J, Zelenay S, Whitney PG, Filby A, Acton SE, Rogers NC, Moncaut N, Carvajal JJ, Reis e Sousa C. 2013. Genetic tracing via DNGR-1 expression history defines dendritic cells as a hematopoietic lineage. Cell 154:843–858. [PubMed][CrossRef]
95. Onai N, Kurabayashi K, Hosoi-Amaike M, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Matsushima K, Inaba K, Ohteki T. 2013. A clonogenic progenitor with prominent plasmacytoid dendritic cell developmental potential. Immunity 38:943–957. [PubMed][CrossRef]
96. Schlitzer A, Heiseke AF, Einwächter H, Reindl W, Schiemann M, Manta CP, See P, Niess JH, Suter T, Ginhoux F, Krug AB. 2012. Tissue-specific differentiation of a circulating CCR9 – pDC-like common dendritic cell precursor. Blood 119:6063–6071. [PubMed][CrossRef]
97. Satpathy AT, Kc W, Albring JC, Edelson BT, Kretzer NM, Bhattacharya D, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. 2012. Zbtb46 expression distinguishes classical dendritic cells and their committed progenitors from other immune lineages. J Exp Med 209:1135–1152. [PubMed][CrossRef]
98. Sanjuan-Pla A, Macaulay IC, Jensen CT, Woll PS, Luis TC, Mead A, Moore S, Carella C, Matsuoka S, Bouriez Jones T, Chowdhury O, Stenson L, Lutteropp M, Green JC, Facchini R, Boukarabila H, Grover A, Gambardella A, Thongjuea S, Carrelha J, Tarrant P, Atkinson D, Clark SA, Nerlov C, Jacobsen SE. 2013. Platelet-biased stem cells reside at the apex of the haematopoietic stem-cell hierarchy. Nature 502:232–236. [PubMed][CrossRef]
99. Naik SH, Perié L, Swart E, Gerlach C, van Rooij N, de Boer RJ, Schumacher TN. 2013. Diverse and heritable lineage imprinting of early haematopoietic progenitors. Nature 496:229–232. [PubMed][CrossRef]
100. Galy A, Travis M, Cen D, Chen B, Human T. 1995. Human T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells arise from a common bone marrow progenitor cell subset. Immunity 3:459–473. [PubMed][CrossRef]
101. Chicha L, Jarrossay D, Manz MG. 2004. Clonal type I interferon-producing and dendritic cell precursors are contained in both human lymphoid and myeloid progenitor populations. J Exp Med 200:1519–1524. [PubMed][CrossRef]
102. Spits H, Couwenberg F, Bakker AQ, Weijer K, Uittenbogaart CH. 2000. Id2 and Id3 inhibit development of CD34 + stem cells into predendritic cell (pre-DC)2 but not into pre-DC1: evidence for a lymphoid origin of pre-DC2. J Exp Med 192:1775–1784. [PubMed][CrossRef]
103. Sathe P, Vremec D, Wu L, Corcoran L, Shortman K. 2013. Convergent differentiation: myeloid and lymphoid pathways to murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 121:11–19. [PubMed][CrossRef]
104. Kondo M, Weissman IL, Akashi K. 1997. Identification of clonogenic common lymphoid progenitors in mouse bone marrow. Cell 91:661–672. [PubMed][CrossRef]
105. Akashi K, Traver D, Miyamoto T, Weissman IL. 2000. A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages. Nature 404:193–197. [PubMed][CrossRef]
106. Kawamoto H, Ikawa T, Masuda K, Wada H, Katsura Y. 2010. A map for lineage restriction of progenitors during hematopoiesis: the essence of the myeloid-based model. Immunol Rev 238:23–36. [PubMed][CrossRef]
107. Goardon N, Marchi E, Atzberger A, Quek L, Schuh A, Soneji S, Woll P, Mead A, Alford KA, Rout R, Chaudhury S, Gilkes A, Knapper S, Beldjord K, Begum S, Rose S, Geddes N, Griffiths M, Standen G, Sternberg A, Cavenagh J, Hunter H, Bowen D, Killick S, Robinson L, Price A, Macintyre E, Virgo P, Burnett A, Craddock C, Enver T, Jacobsen SE, Porcher C, Vyas P. 2011. Coexistence of LMPP-like and GMP-like leukemia stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Cell 19:138–152. [PubMed][CrossRef]
108. Ji H, Ehrlich LI, Seita J, Murakami P, Doi A, Lindau P, Lee H, Aryee MJ, Irizarry RA, Kim K, Rossi DJ, Inlay MA, Serwold T, Karsunky H, Ho L, Daley GQ, Weissman IL, Feinberg AP. 2010. Comprehensive methylome map of lineage commitment from haematopoietic progenitors. Nature 467:338–342. [PubMed][CrossRef]
109. Novershtern N, Subramanian A, Lawton LN, Mak RH, Haining WN, McConkey ME, Habib N, Yosef N, Chang CY, Shay T, Frampton GM, Drake AC, Leskov I, Nilsson B, Preffer F, Dombkowski D, Evans JW, Liefeld T, Smutko JS, Chen J, Friedman N, Young RA, Golub TR, Regev A, Ebert BL. 2011. Densely interconnected transcriptional circuits control cell states in human hematopoiesis. Cell 144:296–309. [PubMed][CrossRef]
110. Metcalf D. 1997. The molecular control of granulocytes and macrophages. Ciba Found Symp 204:40–50, discussion 50–56. [PubMed]
111. Olweus J, Thompson PA, Lund-Johansen F. 1996. Granulocytic and monocytic differentiation of CD34 hi cells is associated with distinct changes in the expression of the PU.1-regulated molecules, CD64 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor. Blood 88:3741–3754. [PubMed]
112. Olweus J, BitMansour A, Warnke R, Thompson PA, Carballido J, Picker LJ, Lund-Johansen F. 1997. Dendritic cell ontogeny: a human dendritic cell lineage of myeloid origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:12551–12556. [PubMed][CrossRef]
113. Manz MG, Miyamoto T, Akashi K, Weissman IL. 2002. Prospective isolation of human clonogenic common myeloid progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11872–11877. [PubMed][CrossRef]
114. Collin M, McGovern N, Haniffa M. 2013. Human dendritic cell subsets. Immunology 140:22–30. [PubMed][CrossRef]
115. Beitnes AC, Ráki M, Brottveit M, Lundin KE, Jahnsen FL, Sollid LM. 2012. Rapid accumulation of CD14 +CD11c + dendritic cells in gut mucosa of celiac disease after in vivo gluten challenge. PLoS One 7:e33556. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033556. [PubMed][CrossRef]
116. Segura E, Touzot M, Bohineust A, Cappuccio A, Chiocchia G, Hosmalin A, Dalod M, Soumelis V, Amigorena S. 2013. Human inflammatory dendritic cells induce Th17 cell differentiation. Immunity 38:336–348. [PubMed][CrossRef]
117. Wollenberg A, Mommaas M, Oppel T, Schottdorf EM, Günther S, Moderer M. 2002. Expression and function of the mannose receptor CD206 on epidermal dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases. J Invest Dermatol 118:327–334. [PubMed][CrossRef]
118. Lowes MA, Chamian F, Abello MV, Fuentes-Duculan J, Lin SL, Nussbaum R, Novitskaya I, Carbonaro H, Cardinale I, Kikuchi T, Gilleaudeau P, Sullivan-Whalen M, Wittkowski KM, Papp K, Garovoy M, Dummer W, Steinman RM, Krueger JG. 2005. Increase in TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing dendritic cells in psoriasis and reduction with efalizumab (anti-CD11a). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:19057–19062. [PubMed][CrossRef]
119. Soulas C, Conerly C, Kim WK, Burdo TH, Alvarez X, Lackner AA, Williams KC. 2011. Recently infiltrating MAC387 + monocytes/macrophages a third macrophage population involved in SIV and HIV encephalitic lesion formation. Am J Pathol 178:2121–2135. [PubMed][CrossRef]
120. Kaplan G, Nusrat A, Witmer MD, Nath I, Cohn ZA. 1987. Distribution and turnover of Langerhans cells during delayed immune responses in human skin. J Exp Med 165:763–776. [PubMed][CrossRef]
121. Ginhoux F, Tacke F, Angeli V, Bogunovic M, Loubeau M, Dai XM, Stanley ER, Randolph GJ, Merad M. 2006. Langerhans cells arise from monocytes in vivo. Nat Immunol 7:265–273. [PubMed][CrossRef]
122. Seré K, Baek JH, Ober-Blöbaum J, Müller-Newen G, Tacke F, Yokota Y, Zenke M, Hieronymus T. 2012. Two distinct types of Langerhans cells populate the skin during steady state and inflammation. Immunity 37:905–916. [PubMed][CrossRef]
123. Nagao K, Kobayashi T, Moro K, Ohyama M, Adachi T, Kitashima DY, Ueha S, Horiuchi K, Tanizaki H, Kabashima K, Kubo A, Cho YH, Clausen BE, Matsushima K, Suematsu M, Furtado GC, Lira SA, Farber JM, Udey MC, Amagai M. 2012. Stress-induced production of chemokines by hair follicles regulates the trafficking of dendritic cells in skin. Nat Immunol 13:744–752. [PubMed][CrossRef]
124. Geissmann F, Prost C, Monnet JP, Dy M, Brousse N, Hermine O. 1998. Transforming growth factor β1, in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4, induces differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes into dendritic Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 187:961–966. [PubMed][CrossRef]
125. Caux C, Vanbervliet B, Massacrier C, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, de Saint-Vis B, Jacquet C, Yoneda K, Imamura S, Schmitt D, Banchereau J. 1996. CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSF+TNFα. J Exp Med 184:695–706. [PubMed][CrossRef]
126. Strunk D, Rappersberger K, Egger C, Strobl H, Krömer E, Elbe A, Maurer D, Stingl G. 1996. Generation of human dendritic cells/Langerhans cells from circulating CD34 + hematopoietic progenitor cells. Blood 87:1292–1302. [PubMed]
127. Collin M, Bigley V, Haniffa M, Hambleton S. 2011. Human dendritic cell deficiency: the missing ID? Nat Rev Immunol 11:575–583. [PubMed][CrossRef]
128. Sakagami T, Uchida K, Suzuki T, Carey BC, Wood RE, Wert SE, Whitsett JA, Trapnell BC, Luisetti M. 2009. Human GM-CSF autoantibodies and reproduction of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 361:2679–2681. [PubMed][CrossRef]
129. Collin M, Dickinson R, Bigley V. 2015. Haematopoietic and immune defects associated with GATA2 mutation. Br J Haematol 169:173–187. [PubMed][CrossRef]
130. Dickinson RE, Milne P, Jardine L, Zandi S, Swierczek SI, McGovern N, Cookson S, Ferozepurwalla Z, Langridge A, Pagan S, Gennery A, Heiskanen-Kosma T, Hämäläinen S, Seppänen M, Helbert M, Tholouli E, Gambineri E, Reykdal S, Gottfreðsson M, Thaventhiran JE, Morris E, Hirschfield G, Richter AG, Jolles S, Bacon CM, Hambleton S, Haniffa M, Bryceson Y, Allen C, Prchal JT, Dick JE, Bigley V, Collin M. 2014. The evolution of cellular deficiency in GATA2 mutation. Blood 123:863–874. [PubMed][CrossRef]
131. Spinner MA, Sanchez LA, Hsu AP, Shaw PA, Zerbe CS, Calvo KR, Arthur DC, Gu W, Gould CM, Brewer CC, Cowen EW, Freeman AF, Olivier KN, Uzel G, Zelazny AM, Daub JR, Spalding CD, Claypool RJ, Giri NK, Alter BP, Mace EM, Orange JS, Cuellar-Rodriguez J, Hickstein DD, Holland SM. 2014. GATA2 deficiency: a protean disorder of hematopoiesis, lymphatics, and immunity. Blood 123:809–821. [PubMed][CrossRef]
132. Goldman FD, Gurel Z, Al-Zubeidi D, Fried AJ, Icardi M, Song C, Dovat S. 2012. Congenital pancytopenia and absence of B lymphocytes in a neonate with a mutation in the Ikaros gene. Pediatr Blood Cancer 58:591–597. [PubMed][CrossRef]
133. Boztug K, Klein C. 2011. Genetic etiologies of severe congenital neutropenia. Curr Opin Pediatr 23:21–26. [PubMed][CrossRef]
134. Hernandez PA, Gorlin RJ, Lukens JN, Taniuchi S, Bohinjec J, Francois F, Klotman ME, Diaz GA. 2003. Mutations in the chemokine receptor gene CXCR4 are associated with WHIM syndrome, a combined immunodeficiency disease. Nat Genet 34:70–74. [PubMed][CrossRef]
135. Kurotaki D, Osato N, Nishiyama A, Yamamoto M, Ban T, Sato H, Nakabayashi J, Umehara M, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Nakazawa M, Ozato K, Tamura T. 2013. Essential role of the IRF8-KLF4 transcription factor cascade in murine monocyte differentiation. Blood 121:1839–1849. [PubMed][CrossRef]
136. Kurotaki D, Yamamoto M, Nishiyama A, Uno K, Ban T, Ichino M, Sasaki H, Matsunaga S, Yoshinari M, Ryo A, Nakazawa M, Ozato K, Tamura T. 2014. IRF8 inhibits C/EBPα activity to restrain mononuclear phagocyte progenitors from differentiating into neutrophils. Nat Commun 5:4978. doi:10.1038/ncomms5978. [CrossRef]
137. Schlitzer A, McGovern N, Teo P, Zelante T, Atarashi K, Low D, Ho AW, See P, Shin A, Wasan PS, Hoeffel G, Malleret B, Heiseke A, Chew S, Jardine L, Purvis HA, Hilkens CM, Tam J, Poidinger M, Stanley ER, Krug AB, Renia L, Sivasankar B, Ng LG, Collin M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Honda K, Haniffa M, Ginhoux F. 2013. IRF4 transcription factor-dependent CD11b + dendritic cells in human and mouse control mucosal IL-17 cytokine responses. Immunity 38:970–983. [PubMed][CrossRef]
138. Tussiwand R, Lee WL, Murphy TL, Mashayekhi M, Kc W, Albring JC, Satpathy AT, Rotondo JA, Edelson BT, Kretzer NM, Wu X, Weiss LA, Glasmacher E, Li P, Liao W, Behnke M, Lam SS, Aurthur CT, Leonard WJ, Singh H, Stallings CL, Sibley LD, Schreiber RD, Murphy KM. 2012. Compensatory dendritic cell development mediated by BATF-IRF interactions. Nature 490:502–507. [PubMed][CrossRef]
139. Cisse B, Caton ML, Lehner M, Maeda T, Scheu S, Locksley R, Holmberg D, Zweier C, den Hollander NS, Kant SG, Holter W, Rauch A, Zhuang Y, Reizis B. 2008. Transcription factor E2-2 is an essential and specific regulator of plasmacytoid dendritic cell development. Cell 135:37–48. [PubMed][CrossRef]
140. Meredith MM, Liu K, Darrasse-Jeze G, Kamphorst AO, Schreiber HA, Guermonprez P, Idoyaga J, Cheong C, Yao KH, Niec RE, Nussenzweig MC. 2012. Expression of the zinc finger transcription factor zDC (Zbtb46, Btbd4) defines the classical dendritic cell lineage. J Exp Med 209:1153–1165. [PubMed][CrossRef]
141. Jaitin DA, Keren-Shaul H, Elefant N, Amit I. 2015. Each cell counts: hematopoiesis and immunity research in the era of single cell genomics. Semin Immunol 27:67–71. [PubMed][CrossRef]
142. Becher B, Schlitzer A, Chen J, Mair F, Sumatoh HR, Teng KW, Low D, Ruedl C, Riccardi-Castagnoli P, Poidinger M, Greter M, Ginhoux F, Newell EW. 2014. High-dimensional analysis of the murine myeloid cell system. Nat Immunol 15:1181–1189. [PubMed][CrossRef]
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
2016-09-16
2019-10-16

Abstract:

The maintenance of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) involves manifold pathways of ontogeny and homeostasis that have been the subject of intense study in recent years. The concept of a peripheral mononuclear phagocyte system continually renewed by blood-borne monocytes has been modified to include specialized DC pathways of development that do not involve monocytes, and longevity through self-renewal of tissue macrophages. The study of development remains difficult owing to the plasticity of phenotypes and misconceptions about the fundamental structure of hematopoiesis. However, greater clarity has been achieved in distinguishing inflammatory monocyte-derived DCs from DCs arising in the steady state, and new concepts of conjoined lymphomyeloid hematopoiesis more easily accommodate the shared lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes of some DCs. Cross-species comparisons have also yielded coherent systems of nomenclature for all mammalian monocytes, macrophages, and DCs. Finally, the clear relationships between ontogeny and functional specialization offer information about the regulation of immune responses and provide new tools for the therapeutic manipulation of myeloid mononuclear cells in medicine.

Highlighted Text: Show | Hide
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015.html?itemId=/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

Figures

Monocyte, Macrophage, and Dendritic Cell Development: the Human Perspective
[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-1,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-1,properties={foaf_givenname=Matthew, foaf_name=Matthew Collin, foaf_surname=Collin, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-aff1]]}], com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-2,webId=/content/author/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-2,properties={foaf_givenname=Venetia, foaf_name=Venetia Bigley, foaf_surname=Bigley, pub_isAffiliatedWith=[com.pub2web.rdf.cci.facet.ContentItem[id=http://asm.metastore.ingenta.com/content/affiliation/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015-aff2]]}]]
Citation: Collin M, Bigley V. 2016. Monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell development: the human perspective. microbiolspec 4(5): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.fig1
FIGURE 1a

Steady-state MMC homeostasis. (A) Classical mononuclear phagocyte model showing the development of LCs, DCs, and macrophages from a common monocyte precursor.

microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig1a_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig1a.gif
Image of FIGURE 1a

Click to view

FIGURE 1a

Steady-state MMC homeostasis. (A) Classical mononuclear phagocyte model showing the development of LCs, DCs, and macrophages from a common monocyte precursor.

Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.fig1b
FIGURE 1b

Steady-state MMC homeostasis. (B) Current model of DC, monocyte, and macrophage development in which DCs develop through a discrete hematopoietic lineage arising from a bone marrow-resident restricted DC precursor, the CDP. CDPs give rise to pDCs and a myeloid pre-DC population that differentiates into two myeloid DCs (cDC1 and cDC2). It is not known if the pre-DC or cDC1 and cDC2 circulating in the blood give rise to tissue populations of cDC1 and cDC2. Monocytes also contribute to steady-state populations of monocyte-derived macrophages and DCs especially in the skin, gut, and lung. These can be clearly distinguished from the CDP-derived DCs and resident macrophages. Resident macrophages are originally derived from prenatal hematopoiesis. It is unknown whether monocyte-derived cells can contribute to long-term resident macrophages. cMoP, common monocyte progenitor; MAC, macrophage; mo, monocyte.

microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig1b_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig1b.gif
Image of FIGURE 1b

Click to view

FIGURE 1b

Steady-state MMC homeostasis. (B) Current model of DC, monocyte, and macrophage development in which DCs develop through a discrete hematopoietic lineage arising from a bone marrow-resident restricted DC precursor, the CDP. CDPs give rise to pDCs and a myeloid pre-DC population that differentiates into two myeloid DCs (cDC1 and cDC2). It is not known if the pre-DC or cDC1 and cDC2 circulating in the blood give rise to tissue populations of cDC1 and cDC2. Monocytes also contribute to steady-state populations of monocyte-derived macrophages and DCs especially in the skin, gut, and lung. These can be clearly distinguished from the CDP-derived DCs and resident macrophages. Resident macrophages are originally derived from prenatal hematopoiesis. It is unknown whether monocyte-derived cells can contribute to long-term resident macrophages. cMoP, common monocyte progenitor; MAC, macrophage; mo, monocyte.

Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.fig2
FIGURE 2

Human blood monocytes and DCs. Gating strategy to identify human monocytes and DCs in peripheral blood. Monocytes and DCs are all found in the HLA-DR, lineage-negative compartment. CD14 versus CD16 displays monocyte subsets and double-negative DC populations. These may be separated in a variety of ways. Here the markers CD123 and CD11c are used to define pDCs and myeloid DCs. The latter can be separated into cDC1 and cDC2 using CD141 and CD1c, respectively.

microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig2_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig2.gif
Image of FIGURE 2

Click to view

FIGURE 2

Human blood monocytes and DCs. Gating strategy to identify human monocytes and DCs in peripheral blood. Monocytes and DCs are all found in the HLA-DR, lineage-negative compartment. CD14 versus CD16 displays monocyte subsets and double-negative DC populations. These may be separated in a variety of ways. Here the markers CD123 and CD11c are used to define pDCs and myeloid DCs. The latter can be separated into cDC1 and cDC2 using CD141 and CD1c, respectively.

Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.fig3
FIGURE 3

Summary of human DC, monocyte, and macrophage origins in relation to steady-state surface markers. The most distinctive DC phenotypes are displayed by pDCs and CD141 cDC1 cells. There is more overlap between cDC2 and monocyte-derived cells that may coexist in tissues. Monocyte-derived macrophages also share many markers with resident histiocytes. The relative size of arrows from the precursor populations indicates the estimated steady-state flux. CMoP, common monocyte progenitor; mac, macrophage; mo, monocyte.

microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig3_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig3.gif
Image of FIGURE 3

Click to view

FIGURE 3

Summary of human DC, monocyte, and macrophage origins in relation to steady-state surface markers. The most distinctive DC phenotypes are displayed by pDCs and CD141 cDC1 cells. There is more overlap between cDC2 and monocyte-derived cells that may coexist in tissues. Monocyte-derived macrophages also share many markers with resident histiocytes. The relative size of arrows from the precursor populations indicates the estimated steady-state flux. CMoP, common monocyte progenitor; mac, macrophage; mo, monocyte.

Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015.fig4
FIGURE 4

Revised structure of human hematopoiesis showing common lymphomyeloid origin of MMCs including DCs and monocytes. Color coding of progenitor populations is according to their expression of CD38 and CD45RA (inset). B/NK, B- and NK-cell progenitor; EMP, erythromyeloid progenitor; EoBa, eosinophil-basophil progenitor; ETP, early thymic progenitor; GM(D)P, granulocyte-monocyte (DC) progenitor; MEP, mega-erythroid progenitor; MLP, multi-lymphoid progenitor; MDP, monocyte-DC progenitor.

microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig4_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/4/5/MCHD-0015-2015-fig4.gif
Image of FIGURE 4

Click to view

FIGURE 4

Revised structure of human hematopoiesis showing common lymphomyeloid origin of MMCs including DCs and monocytes. Color coding of progenitor populations is according to their expression of CD38 and CD45RA (inset). B/NK, B- and NK-cell progenitor; EMP, erythromyeloid progenitor; EoBa, eosinophil-basophil progenitor; ETP, early thymic progenitor; GM(D)P, granulocyte-monocyte (DC) progenitor; MEP, mega-erythroid progenitor; MLP, multi-lymphoid progenitor; MDP, monocyte-DC progenitor.

Source: microbiolspec September 2016 vol. 4 no. 5 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0015-2015
Permissions and Reprints Request Permissions
Download as Powerpoint

Supplemental Material

No supplementary material available for this content.

Back to top
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Please check the format of the address you have entered.
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error