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Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling

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  • Authors: Justin F. Deniset1,2, Paul Kubes3,4,5
  • Editor: Siamon Gordon6
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; 2: Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; 3: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology; 4: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; 5: Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; 6: Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • Source: microbiolspec December 2016 vol. 4 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
  • Received 06 July 2016 Accepted 20 October 2016 Published 23 December 2016
  • Paul Kubes, [email protected]
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  • Abstract:

    Myeloid cell recruitment to sites of infection and injury started out as a simple model that has been referred to as the universal concept of leukocyte recruitment. However, as we gain more insight into the different mechanisms, it is becoming clear that each organ and perhaps even each cell has its own unique mechanism of recruitment. Moreover, as the ability to visualize specific cell types in specific organs becomes more accessible, it is also becoming clear that there are resident populations of leukocytes, some within the tissues and others attached to the vasculature of tissues, the latter poised to affect the local environment. In this review, we will first highlight the imaging approaches that have allowed us to gain spectacular insight into locale and function of specific cell types, and then we will discuss what we have learned from this approach as far as myeloid cells are concerned. We will also highlight some of the gaps in our knowledge, which exist almost certainly because of the challenges of being able to visualize certain compartments of the body.

  • Citation: Deniset J, Kubes P. 2016. Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling. Microbiol Spectrum 4(6):MCHD-0042-2016. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016.

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/content/journal/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
2016-12-23
2020-02-23

Abstract:

Myeloid cell recruitment to sites of infection and injury started out as a simple model that has been referred to as the universal concept of leukocyte recruitment. However, as we gain more insight into the different mechanisms, it is becoming clear that each organ and perhaps even each cell has its own unique mechanism of recruitment. Moreover, as the ability to visualize specific cell types in specific organs becomes more accessible, it is also becoming clear that there are resident populations of leukocytes, some within the tissues and others attached to the vasculature of tissues, the latter poised to affect the local environment. In this review, we will first highlight the imaging approaches that have allowed us to gain spectacular insight into locale and function of specific cell types, and then we will discuss what we have learned from this approach as far as myeloid cells are concerned. We will also highlight some of the gaps in our knowledge, which exist almost certainly because of the challenges of being able to visualize certain compartments of the body.

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Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling
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Citation: Deniset J, Kubes P. 2016. Intravital imaging of myeloid cells: inflammatory migration and resident patrolling. microbiolspec 4(6): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
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FIGURE 1
Classical leukocyte recruitment cascade. Depicted are the sequential steps of leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into the tissue. Selectins and their ligands mediate initial tethering and rolling along the vascular wall. Engagement of intermediate chemokine receptors with their ligands lining the endothelium stimulates activation of integrins on the leukocyte cell surface, enabling their interaction with their respective receptors to facilitate arrest, adhesion, and subsequent transmigration by paracellular or transcellular routes. Chemotactic gradients of intermediate and end-target chemokines guide leukocytes to sites of transmigration and promote directed migration to the site of injury or infection within the tissue.
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FIGURE 1

Classical leukocyte recruitment cascade. Depicted are the sequential steps of leukocyte recruitment from the vasculature into the tissue. Selectins and their ligands mediate initial tethering and rolling along the vascular wall. Engagement of intermediate chemokine receptors with their ligands lining the endothelium stimulates activation of integrins on the leukocyte cell surface, enabling their interaction with their respective receptors to facilitate arrest, adhesion, and subsequent transmigration by paracellular or transcellular routes. Chemotactic gradients of intermediate and end-target chemokines guide leukocytes to sites of transmigration and promote directed migration to the site of injury or infection within the tissue.

Source: microbiolspec December 2016 vol. 4 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
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FIGURE 2
KC capture of circulating bacteria . Time-lapse spinning-disk confocal microscopy images of (-GFP; green) catching by liver KCs (F4/80; red) in wild-type (WT) (top) or CRIg (bottom) animals. White arrows, KC-bound bacteria. Bars, 50 μm.
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FIGURE 2

KC capture of circulating bacteria . Time-lapse spinning-disk confocal microscopy images of (-GFP; green) catching by liver KCs (F4/80; red) in wild-type (WT) (top) or CRIg (bottom) animals. White arrows, KC-bound bacteria. Bars, 50 μm.

Source: microbiolspec December 2016 vol. 4 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
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Tables

Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling
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Citation: Deniset J, Kubes P. 2016. Intravital imaging of myeloid cells: inflammatory migration and resident patrolling. microbiolspec 4(6): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016.T1
TABLE 1
Tissue-resident macrophage behavior and function
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TABLE 1

Tissue-resident macrophage behavior and function

Source: microbiolspec December 2016 vol. 4 no. 6 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MCHD-0042-2016

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