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One Health and Food-Borne Disease: Transmission between Humans, Animals, and Plants

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  • Authors: Claudia Silva1, Edmundo Calva2, Stanley Maloy3
  • Editors: Ronald M. Atlas4, Stanley Maloy5
  • VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONS
    Affiliations: 1: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico; 2: Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico; 3: Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1010; 4: University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; 5: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
    • Source: microbiolspec January 2014 vol. 2 no. 1 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013
  • Received 30 May 2013 Accepted 06 June 2013 Published 17 January 2014
  • Address correspondence to: Stanley Maloy, [email protected]
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  • Abstract:

    There are >2,600 recognized serovars of . Many of these serovars have a broad host range and can infect a wide variety of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects. In addition, can grow in plants and can survive in protozoa, soil, and water. Hence, broad-host-range can be transmitted via feces from wild animals, farm animals, and pets or by consumption of a wide variety of common foods: poultry, beef, pork, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables, spices, and nuts. Broad-host-range pathogens typically cause gastroenteritis in humans. Some serovars have a more restricted host range that is associated with changes in the virulence plasmid pSV, accumulation of pseudogenes, and chromosome rearrangements. These changes in host-restricted alter pathogen-host interactions such that host-restricted organisms commonly cause systemic infections and are transmitted between host populations by asymptomatic carriers. The secondary consequences of efforts to eliminate host-restricted serovars demonstrate that basic ecological principles govern the environmental niches occupied by these pathogens, making it impossible to thwart infections without a clear understanding of the human, animal, and environmental reservoirs of these pathogens. Thus, transmission of provides a compelling example of the One Health paradigm because reducing human infections will require the reduction of in animals and limitation of transmission from the environment.

  • Citation: Silva C, Calva E, Maloy S. 2014. One Health and Food-Borne Disease: Transmission between Humans, Animals, and Plants. Microbiol Spectrum 2(1):OH-0020-2013. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013.

References

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2014-01-17
2020-09-29

Abstract:

There are >2,600 recognized serovars of . Many of these serovars have a broad host range and can infect a wide variety of animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, and insects. In addition, can grow in plants and can survive in protozoa, soil, and water. Hence, broad-host-range can be transmitted via feces from wild animals, farm animals, and pets or by consumption of a wide variety of common foods: poultry, beef, pork, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables, spices, and nuts. Broad-host-range pathogens typically cause gastroenteritis in humans. Some serovars have a more restricted host range that is associated with changes in the virulence plasmid pSV, accumulation of pseudogenes, and chromosome rearrangements. These changes in host-restricted alter pathogen-host interactions such that host-restricted organisms commonly cause systemic infections and are transmitted between host populations by asymptomatic carriers. The secondary consequences of efforts to eliminate host-restricted serovars demonstrate that basic ecological principles govern the environmental niches occupied by these pathogens, making it impossible to thwart infections without a clear understanding of the human, animal, and environmental reservoirs of these pathogens. Thus, transmission of provides a compelling example of the One Health paradigm because reducing human infections will require the reduction of in animals and limitation of transmission from the environment.

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One Health and Food-Borne Disease: Transmission between Humans, Animals, and Plants
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Citation: Silva C, Calva E, Maloy S. 2014. One health and food-borne disease: transmission between humans, animals, and plants. microbiolspec 2(1): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013.fig1
FIGURE 1

Changes in prevalence of serovars Pullorum versus Enteritidis and Typhimurium in the United States. As the prevalence of Pullorum in U.S. poultry flocks decreased as a result of a U.S. Department of Agriculture program (blue line), the prevalence of Enteritidis in humans increased (red line). Transmission of Enteritidis to humans from chicken eggs increased coordinately with the increased prevalence in poultry. During the period when the incidence of Enteritidis infections in humans was increasing, the incidence of Typhimurium infections in humans (green line) was relatively unchanged. Figure redrawn from reference 65 . See the original reference for precise numbers. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013.f1

microbiolspec/2/1/OH-0020-2013-fig1_thmb.gif
microbiolspec/2/1/OH-0020-2013-fig1.gif
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FIGURE 1

Changes in prevalence of serovars Pullorum versus Enteritidis and Typhimurium in the United States. As the prevalence of Pullorum in U.S. poultry flocks decreased as a result of a U.S. Department of Agriculture program (blue line), the prevalence of Enteritidis in humans increased (red line). Transmission of Enteritidis to humans from chicken eggs increased coordinately with the increased prevalence in poultry. During the period when the incidence of Enteritidis infections in humans was increasing, the incidence of Typhimurium infections in humans (green line) was relatively unchanged. Figure redrawn from reference 65 . See the original reference for precise numbers. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013.f1

Source: microbiolspec January 2014 vol. 2 no. 1 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013
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One Health and Food-Borne Disease: Transmission between Humans, Animals, and Plants
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Citation: Silva C, Calva E, Maloy S. 2014. One health and food-borne disease: transmission between humans, animals, and plants. microbiolspec 2(1): doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013
/content/microbiolspec/10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013.T1
TABLE 1

Some sources of outbreaks

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TABLE 1

Some sources of outbreaks

Source: microbiolspec January 2014 vol. 2 no. 1 doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.OH-0020-2013

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