Pathoadaptive Mutations in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
- Author: Evgeni Sokurenko1
- Editors: Matthew A. Mulvey2, Ann E. Stapleton3, David J. Klumpp4
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VIEW AFFILIATIONS HIDE AFFILIATIONSAffiliations: 1: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; 2: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; 3: University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 4: Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Received 14 June 2015 Accepted 02 July 2015 Published 04 March 2016
- Correspondence: Evgeni Sokurenko, [email protected]

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Abstract:
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are opportunistic human pathogens that primarily circulate as part of commensal intestinal microbiota. Though they have the ability to survive and proliferate in various urinary tract compartments, the urinary tract is a transient, occasional habitat for UPEC. Because of this, most of the UPEC traits have originally evolved to serve in intestinal colonization and transmission. Some of these bacterial traits serve as virulence factors – they are critical to or assist in survival of UPEC as pathogens, and the structure and/or function may be specialized for the infection. Other traits could serve as anti-virulence factors – they represent liability in the urinary tract and are under selection to be lost or inactivated during the infection. Inactivation, variation, or other changes of the bacterial genes that increase the pathogen’s fitness during the infection are called pathoadaptive mutations. This chapter describes examples of pathoadaptive mutations in UPEC and provides rationale for their further in-depth study.
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Citation: Sokurenko E. 2016. Pathoadaptive Mutations in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectrum 4(2):UTI-0020-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0020-2015.




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Abstract:
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are opportunistic human pathogens that primarily circulate as part of commensal intestinal microbiota. Though they have the ability to survive and proliferate in various urinary tract compartments, the urinary tract is a transient, occasional habitat for UPEC. Because of this, most of the UPEC traits have originally evolved to serve in intestinal colonization and transmission. Some of these bacterial traits serve as virulence factors – they are critical to or assist in survival of UPEC as pathogens, and the structure and/or function may be specialized for the infection. Other traits could serve as anti-virulence factors – they represent liability in the urinary tract and are under selection to be lost or inactivated during the infection. Inactivation, variation, or other changes of the bacterial genes that increase the pathogen’s fitness during the infection are called pathoadaptive mutations. This chapter describes examples of pathoadaptive mutations in UPEC and provides rationale for their further in-depth study.

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Figures
Eco-Evo categories of E. coli. UPEC = uropathogenic E. coli, EHEC = enterohemorrhagic E. coli, EPEC = enteropathogenic E. coli.

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FIGURE 1
Eco-Evo categories of E. coli. UPEC = uropathogenic E. coli, EHEC = enterohemorrhagic E. coli, EPEC = enteropathogenic E. coli.
UPEC ecology.

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FIGURE 2
UPEC ecology.
Different genetic mechanisms of evolution of virulence exemplified by an adaptive increase in bacterial adhesiveness. Green surface = gastrointestinal mucosa; Gray surface = urothelium.

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FIGURE 3
Different genetic mechanisms of evolution of virulence exemplified by an adaptive increase in bacterial adhesiveness. Green surface = gastrointestinal mucosa; Gray surface = urothelium.
Type 1 fimbriae of E. coli and functional variability of the FimH adhesin.

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FIGURE 4
Type 1 fimbriae of E. coli and functional variability of the FimH adhesin.
Shear-dependent (A) and conformational (B) properties of FimH adhesin.

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FIGURE 5
Shear-dependent (A) and conformational (B) properties of FimH adhesin.
Strategies of detection of patho-adapted gene variants (red).

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FIGURE 6
Strategies of detection of patho-adapted gene variants (red).
Tables
Pathoadaptive genes inactivation in long-term bladder colonization trial (premature stop-codons; frame-shift mutations, deletions)

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TABLE 1
Pathoadaptive genes inactivation in long-term bladder colonization trial (premature stop-codons; frame-shift mutations, deletions)
Pathoadaptive gene variations found by genome-wide screening

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TABLE 2
Pathoadaptive gene variations found by genome-wide screening
Supplemental Material
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